positive and negative effects of social globalization

The dataset is consisting of a weighted average of collected data from several co-founders. Book Our dataset is covering the period 19702017. Latin American Research Review, 15(3), 4572. Kabir (2008) analyzed the determinants of life expectancy in 91 developing countries. According to regression results, per capita income, literacy rate, and lower fertility are important determinants of life expectancy while living in a tropical area decreasing it. Africa: The World Bank. Estimating cointegrated panels with common factors and the forward rate unbiasedness hypothesis. Arif Eser Guzel. In our empirical work, economic, social, and political globalization and democracy variables were used as proxies of the subcomponents of SDG17. The Pros of Globalization A number of positive aspects of globalization include: Building up the economic and social structures of struggling countries and economies through free trade Creation of world power and less and less compartmentalized power sectors Learning about and sharing of new and interesting cultures with one another Businesses in several different countries may be involved in producing even seemingly simple products such as cotton T-shirts.Globalization affects services too. Empirical results show that people living in democracies enjoy better health conditions such as longer life expectancy, better maternal health, and lower child mortality. As Dreher (2006) mentioned, despite its possible inequality effects, the net effect of globalization on development is mostly positive and our empirical work supports that idea. Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J. E. (2019). Review of International Economics, 15(4), 660682. In Eq. There are approaches known as the unequal exchange that globalization increases inequality among countries and that developed countries are more profitable from the globalization process (Love, 1980). According to Trading Economics (2016) the unemployment rate in Spain is close to 25% in recent years, which would increase the pressure to the local labor market. PubMedGoogle Scholar. It is also important to examine this relationship in low-income countries since they still suffer from low levels of life expectancy, less adaptation to globalization, and poor democratic institutions compared to other income groups. As a dummy variable, living in Sub-Saharan Africa is another factor that reduces life expectancy due to communicable diseases like HIV, malaria, etc. Therefore, estimators assume parameter homogeneity are used in our analysis. volume23,pages 1350813525 (2021)Cite this article. Propelled by the efficiency or appeal of wireless communications, electronic commerce, popular culture, and international travel, globalization has been seen as a trend toward homogeneity that . Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model. Since the start of civilization, people have traded goods with their neighbors. The rejection of the null hypothesis shows that slope coefficients of Eq. Cross-sectional dependency simply refers to the situation when the shock that occurs in one country affects other countries as well. OECD Economic Studies, 1, 5378. According to MDGs, indexes in the context of health status show that the goals desired in terms of health are not attained in low-income countries compared to other income groups. (2006). Positive Impacts of Globalization Adopting globalization increases free trading opportunities between countries. Pesaran and Yamagata (2008) proposed a method to examine slope heterogeneity in panel data analysis based on the Swamy (1970)s random coefficient model. Some observers argue that a rudimentary version of world culture is taking shape among certain individuals who share similar values, aspirations, or lifestyles. Advantages of Globalization 1. Globalization and growth. The low-income countries also suffer from low institutional quality in the context of democracy and political rights. It may also increase domestic income inequality. Achieving economic development or increasing the level of welfare depends on achieving and sustaining the main objectives in political, economic, and social areas. First, increased urban population and sedentary lifestyles may enhance prepared food consumption and reduce daily movements which result in rising obesity and diabetes (Hu 2011). Second, although rapidly increasing consumption options and diversity are known as welfare indicators, they also can cause stress which is known as an important determinant of many diseases both psychological and physical (Cutler et al. Is trade good for your health? The results of the CADF unit root test are given in Table 3. 2020). Furthermore, GDP per capita and the proportion of white-collar workers reduce premature death for both men and women, while alcohol consumption increases it. Our empirical work also supports the evidence of Bergh and Nilsson (2010) in terms of positive effect of economic globalization on life expectancy. International trade, capital flows, migration, technological transfer and cultural exchanges are some of the typical manifestations of this process. The current version of the data published by the Swiss Economic Institute is revised by Gygli et al. However, it was emphasized that some sub-goals should be realized in order to reach this goal. This method considers cross-sectional dependence and provides robust results in small samples (Westerlund and Edgerton, 2007). The main problem of economics is to increase economic development and social welfare. Geneva: World Health Organization. KOF Globalization Index. At the same time, democratic institutions are not developed. Barlow, R., & Vissandjee, B. (2019) investigated the impact of globalization, financial development, and economic growth on life expectancy. In general, globalization decreases the cost of manufacturing. Safaei, J. While globalization and democracy indexes are used as proxy indicators of Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17), life expectancy used a proxy of Good Health and Well-Being (SDG 3). With this, it is aimed to examine the existence of contradiction between those SDGs. Guzel, A.E., Arslan, U. The critical values will be provided using the bootstrap method in order to prevent cross-sectional dependence. However, in 19 of 99 countries, globalization increases public health performance. Economic Growth It's widely believed that increased globalization leads to greater economic growth for all parties. Deaton, A. (2016). They also used average years of education, urban population, the number of physicians, and nutrition as control variables and the effect of economic globalization was still positive and significant. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 38, 311323. This index has been used in previous literature as a proxy of SDG17 (Saint Akadiri et al. Previous studies mostly focused on how to achieve SDGs, while possible conflicts between the goals were mostly ignored especially in the context of health. The impact of economic, social, and political globalization and democracy on life expectancy in low-income countries: are sustainable development goals contradictory? These results support the evidence of Barlow and Vissandjee (1999), Or (2000), and Shahbaz et al. Constant and trend are both considered in the analysis of cointegration, and critical values are obtained from 5000 bootstrap replications. Such results may also lead to incorrect inferences (Chudik and Pesaran, 2013). Editor of. Following this study, Tausch (2015) analyzed the role of globalization in life expectancy in 99 countries. alleviation). Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Particularly rising sexual tourism and migrant sex workers increase the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS. The null and alternative hypothesis for both test statistics; \({H}_{0}\): No cross-sectional dependence exist; \({H}_{1}\): Cross-sectional dependence exist. World Bank Income Groups MDGs Index Values in 2015. The results show that the null of cointegration is accepted for all models. Countries are aware of infectious diseases in different parts of the world in a very short time and can take measures to stop the spread of the virus. To fill this gap, our work provides second-generation estimations. The positive and negative impacts of globalisation on culture are found in global understanding, cultural identity enhancement and loss of uniqueness. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Poverty is detrimental to access to health services. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals announced by the United Nations are important guides for the development processes of developing countries. This leads to the reallocation of resources to solve the primary problems of the society. One of the most critical negative effects of globalization deals with the gap between social layers ("Globalization," 2015). The authors used nonlinear time series analysis methods utilizing the data of 16 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 19702012. 2006). According to results, the null of unit root is accepted for all variables, while calculated CIPS statistics of first-differenced variables exceed 1% critical value. In addition to positive aspects globalization in this day also exist some hidden risks. De Hoyos, R. E., & Sarafidis, V. (2006). In addition, the life expectancy at birth variable that mostly used in related literature as a proxy of health status and well-being, it is used in our study as a proxy of SDG3. The impact of globalization and financial development on environmental quality: Evidence from selected countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Globalization and poverty (No. Franco, ., lvarez-Dardet, C., & Ruiz, M. T. (2004). Berger cited the antismoking movement as a case in point: the movement began as a singular North American preoccupation in the 1970s and subsequently spread to other parts of the world, traveling along the contours of academes global network. The results we found contradict Tausch (2015)s evidences in 80 of 99 countries. The determinants of mortality. Part of. For this purpose, the role of globalization and democracy in life expectancy is empirically investigated in 16 low-income countries over the period 19702017. Abingdon: Routledge. For more than 1,500 years, Europeans traded glass and manufactured goods for Chinese silk and spices, contributing to a global economy in which both Europe and Asia became accustomed to goods from far away. (2011). (2020). Updates? It increases the number of international organizations in which a country is a member. The advantages of globalization are actually much like the advantages of technological improvement. There is a long-run relationship between life expectancy, globalization, democracy, and GDP per capita. The effects of globalization on growth were mostly driven by free trade, international specialization, technology transfers, knowledge spillovers, and competitive markets. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Welander et al. The second group mostly focuses on the benefits of free trade, capital mobility, and technology transfers (Rao and Vadlamannati 2011). These results show that the methods to be used in the analysis of the stationarity of the variables and the determination of the long-run relationship should consider the cross-sectional dependence. They used social, political, and economic globalization data separately, and the results show a significant positive effect of economic globalization on life expectancy at birth. Raul Prebisch and the origins of the doctrine of unequal exchange. According to the results, globalization significantly reduces child mortality. (2008) bias-adjusted LM test statistic. First, we provide a new perspective in the context of sustainable development goals. List of Electoral Democracies in 2019. https://freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-world (Access Date: 11.13.2019). While the authors found no significant impact of social and political globalization on life expectancy, our results show that life expectancy is positively associated with both social and political globalization. In contrast, the pessimists show that globalization is quite uneven in its impact and gives rise to negative counter-effects on the previously protected sectors, the marginalisation of entire regions of the world economy and possible increases in within-country income inequality (WCII). In conclusion, no contradiction was found between SDG3 and SDG17 in those countries. The Cross-sectionally Augmented DickeyFuller (CADF) unit root test developed by Pesaran (2007) is based on that factor modelling approach. Review of International Economics, 16(3), 516536. There are also methodological weaknesses in previous empirical studies. Determinants of life expectancy in developing countries. Globalization has led to increases in standards of living around the world, but not all of its effects are positive for everyone. Democracy also refers to accountability levels of governments. The world leaders with the support of international funding organizations announced the Millennium Declaration in September 2000 at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105127. CAS You cannot download interactives. If the null of no cross-sectional dependence is rejected, second-generation methods that assume cross-sectional dependence should be used in order to provide unbiased and consistent estimation results. Therefore, in order to determine the existence of a long-run relationship, we applied Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) panel cointegration test. After the preliminary analysis of cross-sectional dependence, the CADF unit root test developed by Pesaran (2007) is found to be appropriate for our model because of its robustness under cross-sectional dependence. In the estimation of the long-run relationship between the variables, second-generation panel data analysis methods that consider cross-sectional dependency are used. In their study, they used life expectancy at birth and child mortality variables for 146 countries as indicators of health outcomes. The role of political globalization on this point is forcing governments to adopt global institutions. Globalization is most often used in an economic context, but it also affects and is affected by politics and culture. Using estimation techniques that consider cross-sectional dependence in those countries prevents misleading results. They committed their nations to a new international partnership to achieve some development targets having with the final deadline of 2015. To answer this question, the role of economic, social, and political globalization and democracy in life expectancy in those countries is empirically investigated. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This means that unskilled workers may be affected by declining wages, which are under constant pressure from globalization.Into the FutureRegardless of the downsides, globalization is here to stay. Although homogenizing influences do indeed exist, they are far from creating anything akin to a single world culture. In low-income countries where people still suffer from having difficulty in meeting basic human needs, increasing per capita income may lead to better nutritional status, easier access to advanced treatment methods and technology. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The GDP per capita that used as a control variable has a positive impact on life expectancy at a 1% level. Diabetes Care, 34(6), 12491257. If the calculated LM statistic is below the critical value, the null of cointegration will be accepted. Globalization, government ideology, and income inequality in developing countries. Article Globalization can simply be defined as the process of international integration which has economic, social, and political dimensions (Dreher 2006). In the estimation of the model, the panel data analysis methods are used. Globalization, economic freedom, and human rights. The relative instability of many African nations is cited by experts as one of the reasons why Africa has not benefited from globalization as much as countries in Asia and Latin America.Benefits of GlobalizationGlobalization provides businesses with a competitive advantage by allowing them to source raw materials where they are inexpensive. According to the OLS estimation results, improving democratic institutions increases life expectancy and reduces child and adult mortality rates. According to estimations of the continuous-updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and bias-adjusted ordinary least squares (BA-OLS), globalization and its subcomponents such as economic, social, and political globalization affect life expectancy positively. She or he will best know the preferred format. w10669). \({\stackrel{\sim }{Z}}_{it}\)=k and \(Var\left({\stackrel{\sim }{Z}}_{it}\right)=2k(T-k-1)/T+1\). In some cases, this may contribute to improved health by enabling a more varied and healthier diet; in others, it is blamed for increases in unhealthy food consumption and diabetes.DownsidesNot everything about globalization is beneficial. Journal of applied econometrics, 22(2), 265312. 2011). 1, significant differences exist between developing countries and developed countries in achieving health-related goals. Social scientists have identified the central aspects of globalization as interconnection, intensification, time-space distanciation (conditions that allow time and space to be organized in a manner that connects presence and absence), supraterritoriality, time-space compression, action at a distance, and accelerating interdependence. Ha, E. (2012). Health & place, 40, 6675. One may think about unhealthy conditions of an urban area such as environmental degradation, air and water pollution, higher crime rates, and stress which reduce life expectancy. China is a prime example of a country that has benefited immensely from globalization. They have very similar effects: they raise output in countries, raise productivity, create more jobs, raise wages, and lower prices of products in the world economy. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. Australian Economic Papers, 58(4), 444479. Cadernos de Sade Pblica, 18, 17831788. Corrections? Good for living? World Development, 38(9), 11911203. Swiss Economic Institute. Due to the high cost of advanced drugs as in the case of antiretroviral therapy, it should be accepted that people in low-income countries will have trouble accessing the drugs (Buss 2002). On a global view, although health-related problems are largely resolved, the situation is not as good for low-income countries. Life expectancy at birth data is provided by World Bank (2019)World Development Indicators. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A Historical View Globalization is not new. Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Accounting for contribution of trade openness and foreign direct investment in life expectancy: The long-run and short-run analysis in Pakistan. Positive and negative effects of Globalization.

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