apostle paul personality type

Awesome info shared in one place -Thank You! Paul the Apostle was an ENTJ personality type. After this meeting he began his famous missions to the west, preaching first in his native Syria and Cilicia (Galatians 1:1724). Total loading time: 0 14 NT Apoc, 2.34849; Schneemelcher, W., Die Apostelgeschichte des Lukas und die Acta Pauli, in Eltester, W. and Kettler, F. H., eds., Apophoreta: Festschrift fr Ernst Haenchen (BZNW 30; Berlin: Tpelmann, 1964) 23650.Google Scholar. Perhaps he might extend grace to those who have not been as valiant as they could have been ideally. My daughters have hard questions about the church. He often pointed out his own sins and blasphemies. 3:4-6) He admitted: "I am the least of the apostles, and I am not worthy of being called an apostle." (1 Cor. He says that God sent a thorn in his flesh to keep him humble (2 Co 12:7). What transpired during those years is passed over in complete silence (no editorial emendation to satisfy our curiosityan evidence of the credibility of the Galatian epistle). Cicero De fato 10; Evans, Physiognomics, 56; Cox, Biography in Late Antiquity, 1314. In his final epistle to Timothy, Paul writes: At my first defense no one took my part, but all forsook me: may it not be laid to their charge (4:16). F.F. Sharp mind (23:6) Pauls thinking was very logical and sharp. Many of Pauls decisions were framed so as to bring to an immediate halt whatever was eroding the communities; the tone of his letters seems to have been secondary to him. Pharisees believed in life after death, which was one of Pauls deepest convictions. Alba I. Zizzamia; Milwaukee: Bruce, 1953) 15159.Google Scholar. Paul spent much of the first half of his life persecuting the nascent Christian movement, an activity to which he refers several times. Paul was a stick-tight who could not be budged from his resolute course. Although he held that Jews and Gentiles alike were called to be transformed into one new humanity in Christ, his missions were largely focused on the conversion of Gentiles, and Christianity would eventually become a largely Gentile religion. Whatever his reasons, Pauls persecutions probably involved traveling from synagogue to synagogue and urging the punishment of Jews who accepted Jesus as the messiah. 6. Perhaps we still will not like him much, but, once understood, his contribution to faith will be appreciated more than ever. All younger preachers could well benefit from some education in patience. 2 Corinthians 11:5]. hasContentIssue false, Copyright President and Fellows of Harvard College 1986. Paul was a chosen vessel, a willing vessel, who tried tirelessly to give to others, to anyone, what God had given him and who ultimately, like every human being, longed to know Jesus and the power of his resurrection, to be conformed to his death if somehow I may attain to unending life (Phil 3:10). Paul According to Acts, Paul began his persecutions in Jerusalem, a view at odds with his assertion that he did not know any of the Jerusalem followers of Christ until well after his own conversion (Galatians 1:417). He could travel with a few leather-working tools and set up shop anywhere. The seven undoubted letters constitute the best source of information on Pauls life and especially his thought; in the order in which they appear in the New Testament, they are Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philemon. We have therefore created a library of almost one thousand (and growing) inductive Bible studies, which are available for free. Later Paul would return to Damascus where persecution by the Jews awaited him, and forced his flight to Jerusalem. ?? Such a view would disregard other passages of emphatic import (Luke 17:3; Acts 8:22; 1 John 5:16). To understand these letters well, one must understand the circumstances that led Paul to compose them, for this will help to appreciate their tone. There he was arrested for taking a Gentile too far into the Temple precincts, and, after a series of trials, he was sent to Rome. It does appear that in this situation, the apostle at least sees the possibility that God will extend mercy on account of the human element (see Psalm 103:13-14). Paperback Book You can alsoorder a paperback version of the Character Studies book from Amazon. Why did not Paul interject himself into the initial discussion by demanding: Listen, there is no need for a deputized group to consult with Jerusalem. He gave it all to God. One has to appreciate the tension that Paul allowed himself to live with throughout his missionary life, as he tried to preserve and help to grow what he rightly knew was good and of God and should not die. First, there is the matter of the historical context. Ruth If youre already a subscriber or donor, thank you! Corrections? He knows the way and shows us from his own experience how to get there. It is hard for us today to understand fully the impact that moment had forever in his life and psychology. If we do have these things, will we realize they are from God and will we still set our heart on Him rather than earthly things? No grudges held! We ask our visitors to confirm their email to keep your account secure and make sure you're able to receive email from us. Ancestry and family life: A Benjamite, a Pharisee trained under the famous Gamaliel, circumcised the eighth day, a Roman citizen. Though it is important to avoid caricatures, it seems safe to say that the Psalms portray the Jewish people as emotionalhighly, visibly so. Updated Edition of The Notre Dame Book of Prayer Now Available from Ave Maria Press, Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology, Director of Religious Education, Family & Teen Faith, Rhode Island, the most Catholic state, gets a new bishop, Onboard the first journey of a Staten Island ferry named for Dorothy Day. His motto could be Romans 1:16, I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ for it is the power of God He stood up for the truth in front of authorities, kings, Romans, Jews, the emperor of Rome, and even Pete. Paul reached this psychological unity in himself by the end of his life, if not earlier. 7. Sign up for our newsletter to receive your free 36 lesson Bible study E-book of Revelation. As such, it afforded the young Paul access to some of the profound philosophies of his time, attendant with methods and argumentation practiced in the philosophical schools and circles. Logging in will also give you access to commenting features on our website. And it's his style of leadership that helped the church grow so fast. He knew that money, esteem, fame, power, a home, and even a normal, secure, steady life and marriage are secondary to serving God. Biblical Figures. 9. Yet God used this to get Pauls attention and convert him, quite a goal! We need to rejoice in trials and, instead of seeking to get rid of them, try to see what God wants us to learn through them. Dissimulation derives from the Greek, hupokrisisthe basis of the English, hypocrisy (cf. Paul called these Christians the saints, but he struggled mightily to make them so. He also was disrespectful of the high priest (Acts 23:3). First Missionary Journey (Acts 13:2-15:35), Pauls First Missionary Journey Created By Study and Obey With Accordance Bible Software, Second Missionary Journey (Acts 15:36-18:22), Pauls Second Missionary Journey Created By Study and Obey With Accordance Bible Software, Third Missionary Journey (Acts 18:23-21:14), Pauls Third Missionary Journey Created By Study and Obey With Accordance Bible Software. And Jesus impressed Himself so deeply in the "great light" on the mind of Paul that ever afterwards, whichever way the apostle looked, he always perceived the reflection of Christ. Philippians 1:15ff). We think we face trials worse than others. He is prac-ticed in analysis and argument. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Paul at the end was single-minded, whether in serving God or loving his neighbor. Evidently, Barnabas was right because Mark went on to be a faithful missionary. His letters are written in Koine, or common Greek, rather than in the elegant literary Greek of his wealthy contemporary the Jewish philosopher Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, and this too argues against the view that Paul was an aristocrat. Finally, there is this character trait that scarcely can be ignored. Paul begged Philemon to forgive this wayward soul who had been so unprofitable, but who now has been transformed into a precious, profitable treasure (v. 11). Support, Thank you so much sir/madam. If these circumstances were threatening to the communities affected, we must realize that there was no other way for Paul to communicate with them than letter-writing, a form of communication that took a long time to reach its readers. In Rome, during a two-year span of house arrestawaiting his case to be heard before CaesarPaul came in contact with a man whose name was Onesimus (the name means profitable). Had many of these been martyred already? In short, Paul can put people off by who he seems to be. It is not unreasonable to assume that Pauls earlier training contributed to the amazing patience he exhibited in his letters to fledgling churches, whose problems he attempted to address. Having learned of a previous episode in which Peter had yielded to Jewish prejudice and withdrew from Gentile association, refusing to share in common meals with them, Paul chastised the wayward apostle. We need to live in a way that we will not offend others by our habits and actions. ENTJs are typically career-focused, which was certainly the case with Paul the Apostle. Never mind though; the cause of Jesus was paramount. Onesimus had made his way to the refuge of the crowded imperial city.Apparently the vagabond had wronged his master in some fashionperhaps taking money from him, or rendering some other form of evil (cf. But Paul, and those who supported his leadership, would not stand for this defection from the truth. But who was this powerful personality? He visited approximately fifty cities in his evangelistic endeavors (McRay 2003, 11). The authorship of the others is debated and may have come from followers writing in Pauls name. People are interested in it; they're taking online tests, listening to podcasts and buying books (For example, The Road Back to You: An Enneagram Journey to Self-Discovery, released at the end of 2016 and sold over 100,000 copies in just a little over a year). Seine Stellung in der Kunst, Untersuchungen zur Ephemeris des Diktys von Kreta,, The Church in the Roman Empire Before A. D. 170, Les Actes de Paul et ses lettres apocryphes, Der Stachel im Fleisch: Paulus in der frhchristlichen Literatur bis Irenus, Der Apostel Paulus und die sokratische Tradition, Die Apokryphen Schriften zum Neuen Testament, Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur bis Eusebius, Byways in Early Christian Literature: Studies in the Uncanonical Gospels and Acts, Apophoreta: Festschrift fr Ernst Haenchen, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians, Paul: A Study in Social and Religious History, Biography in Late Antiquity: A Quest for the Holy Man, Tertullien et la conversion de la culture antique, Antisthenes and Odysseus, and Paul at War,, Scriptores Physiognomici graeci et latini, Kungl. Few would question the lasting value of St. Pauls contribution to the content of our faith. Thank you, So insightful reading the character study of Apostle Paul, Thanks alot for the powerful encouragement about Poul. He thus became a slave of Jesus Christ! Also known as Simon, Simon Peter, or Cephas (Rock), Peter was a gregarious, natural leader, and an obvious spokesperson for the twelve. 51 ( = Andr, Jacques, ed., Anonyme Latin, Trait de physiognomie [Bud; Paris: Belles Lettres, 1981] 91).Google Scholar, 28 Translation by G. W. Butterworth, Clement of Alexandria (LCL 63. God sends trials into our lives for a purpose. When you register, youll get unlimited access to our website and a free subscription to our email newsletter for daily updates with a smart, Catholic take on faith and culture from, Were sorry registration isn't working smoothly for you. It was agreed that Peter would be the principal apostle to Jews and Paul the principal apostle to Gentiles. To settle the issue, Paul returned to Jerusalem and struck a deal. 29 E.g., Pindar Isthm 3.53; cf. He diligently strove to take thought for things honorable in the sight of all men (Romans 12:17). This type of realization has left us the understatement in 2 Pt 3:16 that in Pauls letters there are some things hard to understand. If you know a genius, you know Paul. Conversion (Acts 9) Paul was a zealous persecutor of Christianity. Usually they are kind-hearted and sympathetic but they seldom convey their true feelings. 14:12-20) Paul never tried to get credit or glory for himself. Spirit-Led, not led his own thoughts and plans (22). Endurance- Paul faced continual opposition to his goal of sharing the gospel and building churches. I long to be with Christ (Phil 1:21). Paul never had any doubt about what he wanted to be or do. It is doubtful that his family was wealthy or aristocratic, but, since he found it noteworthy that he sometimes worked with his own hands, it may be assumed that he was not a common labourer. 8. Eventually, he was martyred. Special traits: (1) Poor eyesight? Frst, Untersuchungen, 409 n. 82; Evans, Physiognomics, 4445, 51. He hated sin, and he hated to see people separate from God. Industrious (Acts 18:1-3) Paul was a worker for God, and he deserved wages from the church. Following this revelation, which convinced Paul that God had indeed chosen Jesus to be the promised messiah, he went into Arabiaprobably Coele-Syria, west of Damascus (Galatians 1:17). Great work about Paul character study blessings keep it up Revd.Simon Bashir Quetta Balochistan Pakistan. It may be that he had sent forth an appeal to brethren for character witnesses, but, for fear of their lives, many had turned away from him (cf. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Saint Paul, Saul of Tarsus, Arts and Science Professor of Religion, Duke University. We complain about the little trials we face, and we think everything is against us in this world. Peter We can learn much from this remarkable man; may we exert the courage and energy to apply ourselves to his schoolroom of instruction. 461/63. And to the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, not being myself under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law; to them that are without law, as without law, not being without law to God, but under law to Christ, that I might gain them that are without law. The apostle Thomas is often referred to as "Doubting Thomas" because he refused to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead until he saw and touched Christ's physical wounds. 5. The Jews opposed him every step of the way, often stirring up riots, throwing him in prison, getting help from the local authorities in persecuting Paul and his companions, and forcing them from town to town. Many of his ministry methods are still followed today. Paul, like so many of us, could say, I have not attained perfect maturity, but I continue my pursuit in hope that I may possess it (Phil 3:12). Whole-hearted- Paul was an all-or-nothing kind of guy. Peacocks Mrs. There is no stiff upper lip for them; you have to make room for this often intense expression of this personality type if you deal at length with a person like Paul. He went from place to place dragging believers from their homes to prison. It is known that St. Paul was imprisoned in Rome and wrote several of his epistles (letters) during his captivity there. 6. He traveled extensively, spreading the gospel and establishing churches. The Sanguine is sociable and charismatic, generally warm-hearted, pleasant, lively, optimistic, creative, compassionate, and outgoing; he is the life of the party, humorous, enthusiastic, and cheerful; he easily attracts others and makes friends; he inspires others to work and join in the fun. Common to this relatively small group of fiery people was a fierce dedication to the Law, obedience to which assured one of salvation. 811a3638; Anon. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). what makes me believes she is a 3 is her worst fear when it came to the boggart was a failed test. Philostratus Heroicus 33.39 (46,1617 de Lannou), and on the handbooks see Frst, Untersuchungen, 38688. 1:16-18). What a spiritually rewarding experience it would be to have a complete album of character snapshots of Paul, the apostle who has forever left his image upon the world. A portion of that defense is found in 1 Corinthians 9:19-23. St. Paul is often considered to be the most important person after Jesus in the history of Christianity. With unmatched ambition, he didn't stop until he had achieved his goals. 2. Joab 17 See Evans, Elizabeth C., Physiognomics in the Ancient World, TAPA n.s. In the December 1956 issue of the National Geographic Magazine, there appeared an article, as I recall, under the title, In the Steps of Paul. The author or authors, who had done considerable research on Pauls travels, estimated that his missionary endeavors consumed some twelve thousand miles, some by ship on the mighty Mediterranean Sea, and also across its armsthe Aegean and Adriatic Seas. His surviving letters, however, have had enormous influence on subsequent Christianity and secure his place as one of the greatest religious leaders of all time. Render date: 2023-05-01T12:06:44.537Z Had a blessed time studying the character Fearless; total trust in God (22). Solomon This is where all that thinking happens. Biblical Figures. The others come from followers writing in his name, who often used material from his surviving letters and who may have had access to letters written by Paul that no longer survive. Password reset instructions will be sent to your registered email address. By Gods power Paul healed the man, and the crowds that witnessed the event were enthralled, attempting even to worship the apostle and his companion. Paul also faced many false teachers who spoke out against his teachings and criticized him behind his back. After Paul and Barnabas had completed their missionary campaign in Asia Minor, they settled for a while in Antioch of Syria. It is not too much to say that the personality profile of a Pharisee was capped by total commitment, an unbending interest only in the Law and its traditions. Noah The entry of the divine into Pauls life was most extraordinary. Pharisees never made up a large percentage of Israelites. Tradition says he was beheaded. This is where your personality lives and operates from. Character Studies E-book If you found these character studies helpful, get ourCharacter Studies E-book, with 8 practical lessons on important Bible heroes of the faith. What courage this required on the part of the battered apostle. He was all that and more. Other Jews, and even Barnabas, had been caught up in this dissimulation (v. 13). He was convinced he had the right understanding of lifes essentials and wanted everyone else to have it too. 15:9) He later wrote: "To me, a man less than the least of all holy ones, this undeserved kindness was given, so that I should declare to the . Abraham. They wear their heart on their sleeve, as Shakespeare says. 117.Google Scholar. Two of the main cities of Syria, Damascus and Antioch, played a prominent part in his life and letters. Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-ffcs4 James Stalker, a close student of Paul, would write that the apostle was one of the most influential teachers of mankind, multitudes in every century adopting from him their way of conceiving all the greatest objects of human concern (Hastings 1926, 155). If the Christians at Antioch felt the need of consulting the broader band of apostolic authority, Paul would not insist on thrusting himself to the forefront. He was converted to faith in Jesus Christ about 33 ce, and he died, probably in Rome, circa 6264 ce. According to the Jewish Mishnah (Sanhedrin 6:1-4), a stoning victim was substantially stripped of his clothes, thrown from an elevated place twice the height of a human person, positioned with his heart upward, and huge rocks were then dropped (or thrown) upon him until he was dead (Arnold 2002, 276; Boismard 1992, 209). 2. On the other hand, Tarsus, his hometown, was a retirement locale for certain philosophers after their teaching careers in Rome. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. 4 Ramsay, W. M., The Church in the Roman Empire Before A. D. 170 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1890) 32Google Scholar; Vouaux, L., Les Actes de Paul et ses lettres apocryphes (Paris: Letouzey et An, 1913) 122.Google Scholar, 5 Dassmann, E., Der Stachel im Fleisch: Paulus in der frhchristlichen Literatur bis Irenus (Mnster: Aschendorff, 1979) 279.Google Scholar, 6 Zahn, T., Paulus der Apostel, RE 15 (1904) 70.Google Scholar, 7 Geffcken, J., Christliche Apokryphen (Tbingen: Mohr, 1908) 27.Google Scholar, 8 Betz, H. D., Der Apostel Paulus und die sokratische Tradition (BHT 45; Tbingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1972) 54.Google Scholar, 9 Michaelis, W., Die Apokryphen Schriften zum Neuen Testament (2d ed. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The return of the Lord and the resurrection of the dead, St. Pauls Contributions to the New Testament, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle, World History Encyclopedia - Paul the Apostle, EWTN - Saint Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Saul of Tarsus (known as Paul, the Apostle of the Heathen), Saint Paul the Apostle - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Paul - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians. In addition to his extensive theological contributions, St. Paul played a crucial role in the development of Christianity away from its Jewish parent. Far from it! Paul went blind, quite a trial! This text, therefore, may not only be a commentary upon the forgiving spirit of Paul, it may also underscore the mercy of the One who knows the true character of our hearts (2007, 294-296). if you are trying to comment, you must log in or set up a new account. All Things Work Together for Good: Controversy or Comfort? (Acts 26:4, 5; Phil. What else could he be expected to do? "useRatesEcommerce": false 381/61. Certainly no assistance could be expected from the anti-Paul faction in Rome (cf. 5w4. A little late to send "kudus" for you article. Paul was not one of the many whose practice is inconsistent with their teaching. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He further commented that Pauls epistles are more richly rewarding than that of any other writereither ancient or modern (1977, 15). And how can students most benefit from the extensive studies on Paul available today? Your donation gift(s) are very much appreciated and may qualify as a charitable deduction for federal income tax purposes. There are several free tools to help us understand each others' personalities and how we can use them for the good of the Kingdom. Unprejudiced. 34 See also Ps.-Lucian Philopatris 12, which describes Paul as having receding hair; cf. But its really about God. Colossians 4:9). De artic. That is by no means a fully settled question. Aside from Christ himself, no other historical figure has been so benevolently imposing. Sarah He did not compromise Gods Word. Jesus miraculously intervened in his life to save him and transform him completely. For though I was free from all men, I brought myself under bondage to all, that I might gain the more. The chief purpose in life is glorifying God and Paul lived that out. St. Paul was a genius. Philemon 18). The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians, the Letter of Paul to the Colossians, the Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians, both Letters of Paul to Timothy, the Letter of Paul to Titus, and the Letter to the Hebrews are of uncertain authorship. Greek influence can also be perceived in early Christian reflections on the physical appearance of Paul. Although the exact date of his birth is unknown, he was active as a missionary in the 40s and 50s of the 1st century ce. 24 Cf. What influences did St. Paul have on Christianity? Like many sanguine personalities, he bites off more than he can chew, is extremely optimistic - to the extreme of being naive, and speaks without thinking. religious corporation as defined under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. . This person genuinely cares and has a sincerity that cannot be denied. He persecuted believers with a vengeance. It is important to remember that when we meet these church communities in his letters, they are only between five and 10 years old. Paul was a Greek-speaking Jew from Asia Minor. Nehemiah If you had lived during his day and he came walking into your town with his ministry team, you might ask who it is, and if someone told you that was the apostle Paul, you might be very surprised that he looked so unassuming. That zeal was a very good quality when he finally focused his energy on serving Christ. (2) Unimpressive appearance (2 Co 10:10). He asks that Onesimus might be received, just as Paul would be, should he make the journey (v. 17). Here are some reasons it's safe to assume that Paul was an ENTJ. Within this same context the apostle refers to Alexander, of whom he says, the Lord will render to him according to his works. [The King James rendition, which makes this a wish, does not have the best textual support.] His exact age isnt known, but he was probably about the age of Peter. At the end of the test, you will be given 4 letters which best . On the second missionary journey, Barnabas wanted to take Mark, but Paul disagreed because of a previous mistake that Mark had made. Protective of his fledgling churches, encouraging, correcting, making decisions for them, guiding them and rejoicing with themall of this in Pauls letters flows from his status as a founder of what he refused to lose. Paul describes his own life in Philippians 3:5-6, where he lists seven things ascribed to him or achieved by him: He states that he was "circumcised on the eighth day.". What is meant by my first defense? Of the 27 books in the New Testament, 13 or 14 (an East-West difference) are traditionally attributed to St. Paul. 8. Although frequently useful, the information in Acts is secondhand, and it is sometimes in direct conflict with the letters. This doctrine, so adverse to the message that Paul and Barnabas had proclaimed in their previous preaching, required a response. After all, each of the 12 apostles, except John, abandoned Jesus during his trial and death at Calvary . A suggestion thus was made that the two missionaries, in the company of several other brothers, should proceed to Jerusalem and inquire there of the apostles and elders about this matter (v. 2). All rights reserved. He was consumed with the glory of God. It is possible that Paul believed that Jewish converts to the new movement were not sufficiently observant of the Jewish law, that Jewish converts mingled too freely with Gentile (non-Jewish) converts, thus associating themselves with idolatrous practices, or that the notion of a crucified messiah was objectionable. The enneagram is based on a numbering systemone . Yet within the thirteen epistles known to have been written by Paul, and penned over an era of maybe just under twenty years, there is no complaint of fatigue, no whimpering at the hardships, no disappointment expressed of having been crucified with Christ, or of wasted years, or lack of family, wealth, or famejust adulation. Wherever Paul went, he drew the respect of those both above and under him. INFP. But this is not true. When Love Grows Cold: A Profile of the Ephesian Church. Paul was a big personality and quickly became a vital force in the early church. Among the New Testament writings are eight letters written to communities Paul founded (he did not found the church at Rome). The major testimonies are Galen in Hippocr. They were highly respected by most people for their unswerving dedication to Yahweh and his Law; yet they were often impatient with those who, as they saw it, did not give first place in their lives to the Law of Yahweh. Notice how fast he is baptized and starts proclaiming Jesus. This was not the last time that this gracious servant of Christ would yield in a matter of expediency for the sake of his kinsmen in the Lord (cf. Samson But the apostle rose up (a hint, perhaps, of a miraculous recovery). (3) Roman citizen. He was able to do this because he walked with Christ and showed compassion and respect to others. 9:30). Wright, W., Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles (London: Williams & Norgate, 1871) 2. Charismatic and confident, he had a lot of the qualities needed to succeed in many situations. . 59 (1969) 5158Google Scholar; Cox, Patricia, Biography in Late Antiquity: A Quest for the Holy Man (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983) 1415Google Scholar; Reitzenstein, R., Hellenistische Wndererzhlungen (reprinted Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1963) 39Google Scholar; Bieler, L., ANHP (reprinted Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1967) 1. Spirit-filled. Less well known to most students of early Christianity than the literary evidence are the artistic representations of Paul, but the curious literary portrait of Paul in the Acts of Paul and Thecla, which in some respects agrees with early Christian paintings, is well known. He either zealously persecuted Christianity or zealously proclaimed it.

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