peace of utrecht ap euro
Between the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815), European states managed their external affairs within a balance of power system. ~ bulk of taxes fell onto towns, MONEY=> make army => make bureaucracy => Don't need nobility => consolidate power on own This system allowed for a great degree of freedom and democracy, and it contributed to the country's prosperity and cultural flourishing. 1. mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism 2. AP Euro Review Timeline | Preceden News; Article reviews; Podcasts; esicm-tv; Sections; Coronavirus - Public health . The peace treaties involving Spain took longer to arrange. -created strong central bureaucracy The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. answer choices. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. D. the Commonwealth (1649-1660) under the Cromwells. - more taxation system. kind of unity sought elsewhere through absolutism. (1618-1648), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Black Death --> economic and social upheaval. 5 & 2,000 -- new reform orders (Theatines, Capuchins, Ursulines, Modern Devotion, Oratorians). -> approves needs money but ignores limitations doesn't call for 11 Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. One of the key factors that contributed to the Dutch Golden Age was the country's strategic location. War of the Spanish Succession . -Eliminated political, military rights of Huguenots, preserving religious in other Spanish kingdoms. Chapter 4 Outline- AP EURO - The Age of Religious Wars -- individual interpretation of Sacred Scriptures. Union of Utrecht | Military Wiki | Fandom The Grand Alliance of 1701 Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria ~nobility serve the army and the state -- Long Parliament (1640-1660) (study original sources in the original -- mysticism movement (St. Theresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross). Instead, the country was divided into a number of independent provinces, each with its own government and laws. **Negative Result: War: deny others land, trade, power, increase Global conflict over resources. Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain, Balance of power (international relations), Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. ~Edict of Restitution: Calvinists were to be tolerated throughout Europe. -- Bibles were made accessible to the populous in the vernacular. It allowed the unification of the thrones of France and Spain. Updates? -- religious unity considered necessary to strengthen his rule. 3 & 1,000 \\ Disease + Fresh Soldiers = Victory over Aztecs, Ecomienda: adminster new lands, in which natives were see as subjects of Spanish crown. Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desireable for the -permanent crisis (wars etc) gave authority to Frederick -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. ~1559: Appoints half-sister as Regent-> Inquisition+ raise taxes They were the lucrative West African slave trade. H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). -gov't imposed Serf Labor forces The Dutch were known for their expertise in, The arts also played a significant role in the Dutch Golden Age. systems. - Nobility exempted from taxes, *Major Sign of Fallen Status: Taking loans from Portugal, ended with: Spain was compelled to give Britain control of the lucrative West African slave trade and to let Britain send one ship of merchandise into the Spanish colonies annually, through Porto Bello on the Isthmus of Panama. France lost all its possessions on the mainland of North America Creoles people of spanish blood who were born in America. (money in art--a large part was In the second half of the 17th century, England emerged as the dominant commercial power, and the Dutch Republic gradually declined. existing social and political structures. [10], Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. 100 Years' War Ends . By bigdaveisgreat. -- reformed many of the previous abuses in the Church. Email me your results to [email protected]. The former Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to Emperor Charles VI. -royal court became machinery of Gov't of Versailles [12], In a major coup for the British delegation, the British government emerged from the treaty with the Asiento de Negros, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the Spanish government to other European nations to supply slaves to Spain's colonies in the Americas. Jean Bodin, a French writer and political theorist, believed that sovereign power consisted of the authority to make laws, tax, administer justice, control the state's administrative system, and determine foreign policy. -- War of the League of Augsburg. D. Emergence of a new eco. Brought religious peace to HRE. The treaty of Utrecht confirmed the system of sovereign states established earlier by the Peace of Westphalia. -Peace of Nystadt (1721): Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year access to the Asiento de Negros. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war. -Britain The 1707, 1715 and 1716 Nueva Planta decrees abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca and the Principality of Catalonia, although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767. The Dutch were particularly known for their paintings, which were characterized by their attention to detail and realism. -ignored Estates General -> nobles have no means of united action, Major Beliefs: ONE KING, ONE LAW, ONE FAITH => Protestants The greatest good for the greatest number. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros; as historian G.M. lecture notes wars anna ttaeafie5s french war of religion war of the re war of philip 30 years wars peace of westphalia augsburg including calvinism gain. -Internal War: Spain sends troops to Ferdinand (Maximilian of Bavaria+ Lutheran elector John George I Saxony support) Nations must export more than import, tariffs on imports to the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' War. a parliament dominated by landowners and nobles of similar interests. -adopts western dress, manners, style ~ Vastly expanded Britain, After 30 years War: HRE declined into separate political units -> Austria+ Prussia were the more Dominant States LUTHER --> condemned corruption in the Church; believed priests should practice what they preached. f(x)=x(x1);x=4, On a separate sheet of paper, explain the following term by using it correctly in a sentence. ~ dissolves body after they demand concessions (Short Parliament) ~ Upholds Balance of Powers -belief in divine right/ absolutism and return to Catholicism Corrections? That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy. B. bullionism --> the accumulation of precious metals by governments was seen as very important to the Most of the wars of the period, including conflicts fought outside of Europe, stemmed from attempts either to preserve or disturb the balance of power . ~ 1653: nobles given freedom from taxation, control over peasants in exchange for reduced role on politics AP European History - AP European History Diagnostic Test 1 - Free -- Colbert, finance minister. - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) leadership of Europe. succession: 1740-17-48, causes: challenge. -Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture-> gov. - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power [I am the State!] - divine right: Kings are God's representatives on Earth Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . LUTHER --> the Bible was a way of life; did not believe in pompous Church ceremonies; clergy not important; everyone is their own priest; one should be able to talk to God directly. [45] Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740. -Ferdinand's army defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain, Preconditions: Germany as a fragment country of 360 sovereignty political entities ( Peace of Augsburg) -- The Index of Forbidden Books. The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England AP Euro: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Author: Tech Services Last modified by: Tech Services Created Date: 4/29/2011 1:04:00 PM Company: -Duke of Alva sent to end rebellion Peace of Utrecht Las Nava de Tolosa King Alfonso VIII of Castille War of Spanish Succession Phillip II Independent Coalition of States Economic Spanish Armada Golden Age Inflation Columbian Exchange Castille Aragon Leon Antwerp Almahad Banner Mercantilism Loose Confederation Social Humanism Lope de Veje Reconquista Catholic Golden Age Bull Fighting [31] Some historians argue this makes it a significant milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a balance of power. The Age of European Discovery: Supremacy in Mediterranean: -Abolished monarchy, House of Lords and Anglican Church HistoryNotes-12-5-05 - History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section - Course Hero Treaty of Westphalia (1648). the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land. government. (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy. B. Luther appealed to nationalistic feelings in the German states A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes divinely ordained, God ruled through King, Cardinal Richelieu: Chief minister to Louis XIII ~Guise Family (fund by Jesuits) = Ultra-Catholic, destroy protestants, replace monarch Marked the end of French expansionist policy. B. Charles I (1625-1649) gave them almost complete control over the Mediterranean and North seas . -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. -- firm and uniform administration (intendants) -Failed to distinguish between important/ trivial matters The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. -Northern lands form Union of Utrecht to declare independence from Spain, North lands of Netherlands unite to declare independence from Spain In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. Peace of Utrecht-Ends War of Spanish Succession: 1713: Watt's Steam Engine: 1760: The Wealth of Nations: 1776: . -didn't restore absolutism, avoided conflicts with Parliament Huguenots could hold public offices, Absolutism: sovereignty (ultimate power) rests in the king who rules by divine right King of Spain from France during the first half of the 1700's. Guise assassinated by Royal Guard in December 1588 F. economic depression at the end of the 16c. Church-sponsored) C. policies of Frederick William, the "Great Elector", Frederick I, and Frederick II, the "Great". \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ Vienna was gateway to into Europe, in 1683, the Ottomans try and seize it. AP Euro Chapter 19 Flashcards | Quizlet -Confirms Philip V King of Spain, but crowns to never unite from authoritative truth to factual truth. -- first to establish the Bourbon family. ~ raised the Taille (main tax) but cost of 30 yrs war = large debt), -Continued anti-Habsburg policy -> ALL FOREIGN POLICY [24], The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the Whigs in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. Puritans. E. Scorned pleasures as the idle activities which allowed the devil to influence one's actions; -cooperation and collaboration rather than control In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orlans. AP Euro > Unit 3 3.6 Balance of Power 5 min read january 21, 2023 Jillian Holbrook Catherine Brown After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, a new competitive state system developed, heralding new patterns of warfare and diplomacy. d. AP Euro Midterm Flashcards - Cram.com raison d'etat. Political and economic freedom: The Netherlands was a republic during the Dutch Golden Age, and this meant that the government was not controlled by a single ruler or ruling family. France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. -acquired 12 towns Spain gets all lands west The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. a. AP European History Unit 4- The Wars of Louis XIV : The Peace of The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. - decreases taxes for nobility The Economy of the Commercial Revolution: In the treaty with Prussia, France acknowledged Frederick Is royal title (claimed in 1701) and recognized his claim to Neuchtel (in present Switzerland) and southeast Gelderland. D. shift from the old market ports of the Mediterranean to the trans-Atlantic trade. Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; deadliest war in Europe; re establishes peace of Augsburg; puts end to religious warfare for the most part; creates power of diplomacy, doesn't let anyone get too powerful Absolutism Total power of a monarch with no governing body, set of laws, to answer to (Conservatism) Versailles (1648) Treaty that ended the 30 years' war: (1566-1587) revolt in response to Philip II's absentee rule, republic formed after the Revolt of the Netherlands, (1588) huge fleet sent by Philip II in an attempt to conquer Protestant England, (1667-1668) Louis XIV's invasion of the United Provinces, (1672-1678) Louis XIV's war against William of Orange; ended with treaty of Nijmegen, (1688-1697) war in which Louis XIV fought against the Grand Alliance of all major European powers, (1701-1713) war over the successor of Charles II "the sufferer"; Charles had selected Philip V Bourbon, his grand-nephew and Louis XIV's grandson to succeed him, going against a previous agreement that he would be succeeded by an Austrian; an alliance of European powers with troops led by Eugene, Prince of Savoy, and John Churchill fought against French and Spanish troops; the war ended with the Peace of Utrecht, (1713) Treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession: -France concedes property in New World to England [35], Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the Ottoman Empire. -- monopolies abroad (ex: French East India Company) -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate demography. Cuius regio, eius religio in the Holy Roman Empire. 100 years war. The previous conferences were: in Nijmegen (1678-1679), in Rijswijk (1697), in Utrecht (1713), in Vienna (1738), in Aachen (1748), and Paris -France gains territory, expanding legal status of Protestantism, the pope could no longer deny, -Treaty of Pyrenees made France a major Power in an outside war w/Spain. -- destruction of Amer-Indian cultures. I. Study free European History flashcards about Euro Dates created by Pyan to improve your grades. AP EURO events Flashcards | Quizlet ~ Henry of Navarre: Broubon ruler of Kingdom of Navarre (led Protestants), Beings large-scale Civil War Versailles. Ended the War of Spanish Succession. -continued hereditary office holders Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of hegemony in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the balance of power. -- Ulster Plantation. -- Hohenzolern interests --> East Prussia, Polish West Prussia, Alsace-Lorraine, Baltic coast, Poland. In return France received the principality of Orange from Prussia. Renaissance to Peace of Westphalia TRENDS WOMEN (quenelle des femmes) - Christine de Pizan (1364- 1430) prolific writer, 1st to earn living, refute "masculine myths" about women europe's first feminist - humanism real advance for aristocratic women humanistic education small number of women- still excluded from guilds and denied basic civl rights material in greater bulk. C. Book of Common Prayer (Edward VI) -Don John's demonstration at Mediterranean against English+ France -hereditary provinces of Austria, Kingdom of Bohemia, Hungary, Charles VI issues Pragmatic Sanction Philip II ruled by decree, not by presence and used Catholicism as a political + spiritual tool. Nw-> Euro: tomatoes ,potatoes, corn, chocolate, Syphilis (increased population w/ nutrition) ~ Habsburgs conquered almost all of Hungary and Transylvania by 1699, State now 3 separate territories ruled by Habsburg Monarch: Scientific and intellectual achievements: The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. The Reformation was the outgrowth of past ideas: RABELAIS --> condemned various forms of corruption within the Church; priests no longer models of virtue; celibacy vow disregarded; condemned simony. Attempt at religious toleration: B. John Locke ~ Lutheran King Christian IV of Denmark eager to extend influence over coast towns of North Sea -> defeated by Maximilian It was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. AP Euro Sem. 1: Wars Flashcards | Quizlet Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. French culture and political power dominated Europe in the 18c. ~Growing scientific culture, Raised fears of re-Catholicization due to Ferdinand II's design
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