winchester model 70 serial numbers lookup
My gun has a select walnut checkered stock with a raised cheek-piece She received a reply from the Director, Marketing, Mr. Richard M. Pelton dated March 6th, 1980 telling her that the receiver of rifle number 1 was made on January 20th, 1936 but complete rifles were not made until 1937. Please enable Javascript and refresh the page for a safe, secure, and complete shopping experience at Midwest Gun Works. As purchased the rifle was fitted with a Lyman aperture sight and it was to be his hunting rifle for the next 40 years. Model 1873. Subsequently the Number 2 rifle was offered for sale and purchased by the owner of rifle Number 1, so he then had both in his possession. No confidentail records were used. Go to STEP 2. .243, .30-06, or .300 H&H magnum. im really excited for it. Repeating Arms Co.) 2008-Current: New Winchester Production. No attempt has been made to determine the value of any guns listed. In the Model 70 Winchester had got it right and the rifles reputation continued to gain over the decades up until 1964 after which Winchester did another upgrade in 1965 that promptly destroyed the good reputation of the Model 70 until the reintroduction of the Controlled Round Feed classic Model 70 in recent years. Model 1866. The 1 piece trigger guard and floor plate assembly is exactly as it sounds. would be appreciated: What you have is a U.S. H&H, and 25" for the .375 H&H after 1937) . There was a limited run of PF supergrades in 93 which had no dark forends or typical sg sling mounts; the classic (CRF) of same year had the more typical configuration you describe. These groups are "pre-war" and "post-war", with a small number of rifles between these two groups referred to as "transition" rifles. The PUSH FEED BOLT will have a small extractor and an ejector built into the bolt face as seen in figure 2. The serial number was G1400427. So if you are looking to own the first two Model 70's ever made then these are of interest to . Winchester Firearms Manufacturing Dates by Serial Number and Year 1866 through the early 1990s. The Remington Model Seven is ready, willing and able to handle just about any task. In general, this information is the . when someone ran the serial earlier they said 2006. here it is again if anyone wants to cross reference it. i hope this thread is still accurate and one of the historians here can give me a hand. Looking at windchester model 70 264 sn 908528 what year would it was made. You have either a National Match, This late historian George Madis compiled extensive histories on Winchester firearms. Scott Rupp gets a chance to talk to Aaron Oelger about a few new products from Hodgdon and why reloading store shelves are empty. But if it is a Classic with a SN that low It almost has to be 1st year production, 1992 or 1993 I'd think. CS - custom shop. I have always found the serial number etched on Model 70 bolts. Here is another one. It has gone through many changes over the years, but is currently still in production today. He has studied the Japanese sword arts and has a long history of involvement in the shooting sports, which has included authoring submissions to government on various firearms related issues and assisting in the design and establishment of shooting ranges. It was possible to purchase any one of 11 model (types), with variations It is a 5 digit serial. To obtaindate of manufactureon a Model 70 made after 1992 please contact the Winchester Customer Service Department at 800-333-3288. The serial number is LOWER than 50,000-- You have a pre-war model. Also shown in figure 2 is that a push feed bolt has a completely inletted bolt face. When did Winchester start and stop this series, what calibers was this series made in, and what models were made. Shoot him in the ear hole. There isn't a lot of accurate info out there. You can read an extensive shooting review of the new gun by picking up a copy of the May/June issue of RifleShooter magazine available on newsstands now. I've read '69 is when they started with the G but it's only something I read someplace. Would you like to visit Winchester International? www.georgemadis.com. ), in which case the data was extrapolated to the best of our ability. The following information is critical MUST HAVE knowledge when ordering parts or wood for your Winchester Model 70.935-1963: Pre '64 Winchester Repeating Arms Company964-2006: USRAC (U.S. We reserve the right to make changes at any time and make no claims as to accuracy. To show viewers how to succeed at long range, J. Guthrie gears up for a challenging shot while chasing Colorado pronghorn at long range with DPMS' Panther 6.5 Creedmoor. The Winchester trademark is used with the permission and to the credit of Olin Corporation/Winchester Division. plastic tip. Repeating Arms Company (U.S.R.A.Co.) Each of these bolt use different parts, so it is important to understand which bolt you have in your rifle. Winchester Model 70 User Manual; Trigger Not Working After Install . -Steve Garbe, I hate rude behavior in a man. Not complete but it covers a lot. While dating your Model 70 by serial number can be difficult, and there are many "legends" about why the historic serial number records for Winchester rifles and shotguns are not complete or why they are not always verifiable. Winchester Model 21. You might want to try the following link: That link will NOT work for M70's with letters in the SN. Looking for any help in finding year of a Winchester Model 70 Classic Featherweight model G233xx was made that I just bought. what's ya'lls thoughts. You will find the sale page with further details if you click here. would you consider 1000 brand new in the box a good deal? It was back in 1937 when a man walked into a hardware store in Durango, Colorado and bought himself a Winchester Model 70 rifle in 30-06, although back then the barrel was marked 30GOVT06. Winchester pre-64 Model 70 serial numbers 1 and 2 Bolt Action Rifles at GunBroker.com : 969539184, Geno said Does the "G" represent/convert to a digit? The date was 1955 and I would love to say I made a heck of a deal. That pair of rifles is certainly of significant interest but they most certainly are not worth 1.75-million dollars! In general, only serial number ranges with an approximate year are provided in this document. The Model 70 Featherweight Stainless is as per the Featherweight except in matte stainless steel. My gun has a plain walnut checkered pistol stock and forend. Diagrams / Pictures|, Step 1: DO NOT ship the firearm as this is a federal offense. Looking for the manufacture date of Winchester Model 70 30-06 serial -# G U 168803, Bought my first winchester model 70 bolt gun in25-06 I know it is not too old but wanted to find a year it was made for fun 6 numbers 386xxx serial, Please note, comments must be approved before they are published, I have a old Winchester model 24454 With Hexagon Barrel, I would like to know more about it And its value. -TXGunNut, Winchester pre-64 Model 70 serial numbers 1 and 2 Bolt Action Rifles at GunBroker.com : 969539184. Neither one of us have been able to find precise information on the rifle while trying to look it up by the serial number. In Winchester parlance, these three groupings ofrifles are referred to as "Type I", "Type II" and "Type III" rifles. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. Model 70. The Winchester Model 70 is a bolt-action sporting rifle.It has an iconic place in American sporting culture and has been held in high regard by shooters since it was introduced in 1936, earning the moniker "The Rifleman's Rifle". Nothing fancy mind you, just plain jane will get it done with style. Johnsons personal gun Well documented as such FWIW its pictured on the cover of Houzes early Winchester bolt action book and Dan Sheuy included some of the Amoskeag auction pics of it in the article he wrote on the development of the .270 WCF in the WACA Collector issue-before last The Worlds first 270 WIN, Winchester didnt seem to keep S/N 1 of everything. Winchester pre-64 Model 70 serial numbers 1 and 2 Bolt Action Rifles at GunBroker.com : 969539184. I just bought a Winchester Model 70 30-06 sprg lightweight, serial # G20255XX . I am getting cabin fever.. grin. TXGunNut said NOTE: first posts are subject to administrator approval before being displayed, WinchesterCollector.org Adobe Reader is available free from Adobe. The barrel is 24" round (except 26" for .220 Swift and .300 if this is not your gun, then move on to "b," and so forth through I was told this would be early to mid 80s. Winchester made 3 different style bolts for the Winchester model 70. 7 Top .17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire) Rifles, Strasser RS 14 Evolution Consul III Bolt-Action Rifle: Full Review. (Please remember that this information is a compilation over time -- collected from secondhand information. never released any serial number or date of manufacture lists for the Model 70 rifles that they manufactured from 1981 through March 2006. Thanks 1 Serial numbers represent when the change was first introduced. now if i could only get these pictures to uploadim having a hell of a time trying to do as such. For Parts and Service call: 800.322.4626. I have tied several websites and have never found anything. The cross reference below provides an estimated production date by serial number, based on model 70 polishing room room records. Polishing roomrecords documented when each receiver was polished and are the most complete model 70 records in existence. A receiver featuring a cloverleaf tang, a clip-loading slot, and a recessed and roll-marked rear bridge. G66571. It was in November 1979 that Mrs Ethel M. Lied wrote to Winchester to enquire about the history of a Model 70 in her possession which carried the serial number 2. He had a Fecker 10x riflescope fitted to it, but the fact that its serial number was a simple 1 was not something that the gentleman thought anything of. With an Accu-Fit stock and left hand adjustable bolt, this rifle is a perfect choice for anyone! Serial number G2066XXX. thank you very much winchester70. But the fact remains; there is no original, single, totally accurate database of serial numbers from 1866 forward that we are aware of. g1538xxx was wrapped in a Milwaukee Journal newspaper dated Dec. 31 1983. Model 1885 Single Shot. Whether you are buying parts, or just trying to understand how your rifle fits into the model 70 family of rifles, it begins with knowing when it was made. Perfection is Achieved Not When There Is Nothing More to Add, But When There Is Nothing Left to Take Away. beautiful gun i think and like you i was confused with the red pad, still happy its on there! This assembly also only take two screws, and has a much more squared bracket where the floor plate hinge would normally be. Model 21 shotguns are the exception to the above Winchester records information. Pre-64 model 70s are commonly classified into one of three production groupings, framed around WWII. Now come on, he said it was "rare". One day he was heading to a local pawnshop to get another rifle bore sighted and so he took the Model 70 along to see what reaction the pawnshop guy would have to it. To determine which floor plate assembly you may have, or to see which assembly you may need use the figures below. Any help greatly appreciated on dating the year made would be greatly appreciated. is chambered for either .338 Winchester Magnum or the .375 H&H Magnum. I just got a model 70 serial # g22418XX any ideas on the date? To the best of my knowledge, the U.S.R.A.Co. Copyright 2000-2023 24hourcampfire.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Production of the Winchester Model 70 started in 1935. I could give a rats azz less about the gun control act of 1968 or exactly why Winchester added a G to their serial numbers for the Model 70 in 1969, but they did. Parts Diagram by Clicking Here. Production of the Winchester Model 70 started in 1935. George Madis, Ned Schwing, etc. ), Winchester Repeating Arms, 2012, 2015, R. Stitt, The Complete History of Winchester Repeating Arms, Chat with us < /a>, powered by < a href = "https://www.livechatinc.com/?welcome" rel = "noopener nofollow" target = "_blank" > LiveChat < /a>. While these three broad production periods can be a useful frame of reference to differentiate between majorproduction eras, you will need additional information to fully understand your rifle. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. In the event of alteration or the serial number being expunged, the BATF needs to be advised. Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device. I've never seen a 5 digit SN. As a result, the polishing room dates somewhat precede the date each rifle was completed and ready to leave the factory. and unlike the 1 piece assembly either the trigger guard or the floor plate can be replaced individually. In fact, Id have thought the first 10 would have been set aside for distribution to VIPs. (Serial Number Reference), Inadvertent destruction (during office cleaning), Records misplaced between ownership transitions. (date manufactured) in 1 out of 1 found this helpful. Would you like to visit Winchester International? To the maximum extent possible, the dates of manufacture shown were obtained from the original Winchester Factory Polishing Room serialization records; otherwise estimates were made using multiple sources of information (e.g. A featherweight with a 22" tube isn't "rare" ah makes sense. Contact Winchester Ammunition directly. Serial number on the gun is Well, not all of us are "Anti-Miroku". after 1937). However the USRAC parts do not interchange with the pre'64 manufactured rifles. It's not a good idea to post your serial number online and folks can still help you date the rifle knowing the number of digits. THE HISTORY OF WINCHESTER HISTORIC SERIAL NUMBER RECORDS. 2023 Vintage Gun Scopes. Since then, a long-term license agreement has been struck with Browning to manufacture and distribute Winchester-brand rifles and shotguns. mudstud it is a classic FW 06 serial number G348792? model types had different stocks and A receiver with a mix of pre-war & post-war characteristics - often a cloverleaf tang, but always anon-recessed rear bridge. Oh well if it shoots I won't care. The M70 fwt was made in 257 and also 7X57 for a couple of years when it was reintroduced in the early 80's. I have one in the Bob. Can anyone tell me how old it is and the approximate value? until you find the one that best describes your gun. Further to my post of May 28, 2009 I stumbled over this thread again today and went back and looked in my loading book again. Winchester's Model 70 bolt-action rifle is without a doubt, one of the darlings of the American rifle shooter. His travels have taken him to Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan and a number of other countries. Go to STEP 2. e. My gun has a plain walnut target type stock. Since this information was provided through old documents (both official and otherwise), no representation is made that all serial number and year combinations are totally accurate. Contributing Editor for RifleShooter Magazine, Brad Fitzpatrick gives us a review of this modernized version of an iconic favorite. No idea what theyre worth but I suspect the bidding would be a bit livelier if the decimal point on the minimum bid was moved two places to the left. Is it real???? I have been looking around on the net and am looking info on G34 serial number was wondering what year these were built? I have one SN 148XXX that I believe to be a 1994 gun and another 824XXX that is supposed to be 1999-2001. The Winchester trademark is used with the permission and to the credit of Olin Corporation/Winchester Division. None of the page scans are of original . to those 2 NO six shooters. Got a new 7mm ss/ftw need some help with the year. Since JavaScript is disabled, you will not be able to properly navigate, add items to your cart, or place an order. After this communication the rifle was sold to Roger Rule who featured it in his book along with a picture of the factory letter. G's started around '69 and the links everyone keep putting up don't work for lettered serial numbers. What It Is Not. new member and this is my first post! None of the page scans are of original documents but are simply transcribed information typed into a word processing program. First 4 is g514. Determine the model type of your Model 70 For purposes of determining if your gun is legally considered an antique (pre-1899 DOM), the BATF has told us they use the DOM dates published by the manufacture (Winchester). Yes the 257 was produced in the early 80's, however the serial number he provided, G206xxxx, means the receiver he has is from the early 90's. Last edited by winchester70; 02/11/09 . Any help re year of manuf. While the extractor is the most common way to identify this bolt style you can also look at the bolt face (figure 4) and see that it does not have a small extractor, and does not include an ejector. The following information is critical MUST HAVE knowledge when ordering parts or wood for your Winchester Model 70. Enter the model of your gun in the box to the right, then go to Go to . The "G" prefix added to the serial number had nothing to do with "improved guns". It has gone through many changes over the years, but is currently still in production today. These came in 3 basic types, and the depending upon the barrel you could then change the basic designation to a more specific type (i.e. Also, none of the above models have a unique fore-end tip. Hello, I need some help for this number : G2225490. But I guess thats no stranger than the factory sending them out for over-the-counter sale at a remote gun store, rather than making a special presentation of them to John Olin or some famous shooter like Whelen, Keith, etc. And thank you for taking the time to look it. AN EXCELLENT RESOURCE FOR "YEAR OF MANUFACTURE" IS AVAILABLE ON THE WINCHESTER ARMS COLLECTORS ASSOCIATION WEBSITE. Beth Shimanski of Savage introduces their all new straight-pull rifle. I would be interested in finding a site listing manufacture dates for Winchesters made from the 80's to present, but have never found anything. Have more questions? Go to STEP 2. b. The 1 piece, the 2 piece, and the DBM (detachable box magazine) versions. The Winchester Model 70 has long been called The Riflemans Rifle since they hit the gun racks in gun dealers and hardware stores back in 1937. Winchester Model 70 Serial Starts with G and seven digits, Smokeless powder is a passing fad! . Determine the model type of your Model 70 1 Winchester Firearms Manufacturing Dates by Serial Number and year 1866 through the early 1990s The following pages were scanned from documents compiled over the years by the customer service department of Winchester Repeating Arms. Probably nothing post-64. The Number 2 rifle is a standard Model 70 of the period, also chambered in 30-06, and fitted with the factory standard open sights, but has also been drilled and tapped for riflescope mounts. Repeating Arms Company production rifle and it has absolutely nothing to do with Winchester record keeping. 1101 Mason Circle Drive Pevely, MO 63070 Mon-Fri 8:00am - 4:00pm CST, 2023 Midwest Gun Works, Inc. - All Rights Reserved, .270 Win, .30-06 Spfld, 7mm Rem Mag, .300 Win Mag, Inadvertent destruction (during office cleaning), Records misplaced between ownership transitions, New Production - Manufactured from 2008-Current. The Winchester Collector Invites you to Join, Antique & Historical Arms Collectors Guild of Victoria, Herb Parsons, Winchester Exhibition Shooter, Twisted Tree Furniture, Custom Firearm Display Cases. Do you recall what year? stock and forend. Bluebook of gun values has the serial # break down. In .264 Winchester Magnum with a 24 barrel the rifle weighs 7lb 4oz. Parts Diagram by Clicking Here. looking for info on this serial G10436 it has a boss system on it, what year was it made and was the boss a factory option? There are many legends about why the historic serial number records for Winchester rifles and shotguns are not complete or why they are not always verifiable. Very interesting. 2023 Outdoor Sportsman Group. The gun is so nice I may start looking for one in 300 Win Mag. Hmm, since ehunter has his answer, thought I'd try to piggyback on his thread. Start at "a" and I never really tried to find the manufacturer date or book price until recently while considering a trade with a friend. I like the .270 Win so well that I have 3 of them. Winchester-Lee Straight Pull Rifle Model 1890 Model 1906 Model 61 Model 62 and 62A Model 1903 Model 63 Model 1905 Model 1907 Model 1910 Model 55 (Rimfire Rifle) . For those Model 70 and 94 owners interested in when their specific rifle was made, the tables below show serial number range by year made. But arent you rather amazed that the factory could have been so blind to the unique status of #1, with its potential promotional & advertising value? The M70 fwt was made in 257 and also 7X57 for a couple of years when it was reintroduced in the early 80's. I just lost a long battle with an insurance company and quite frankly they dont fight fair. WACA 6571L, Historian & Board of Director Member, Paul, all I can add is My Model 70 featherweight serial no. Also, was the guy correct saying this chambering was only done a couple of years. You are correct that, in addition to a Van Orden M70, I am looking for one of the serial number 41,000-50,000 M70's as listed in Chandler's Volume 1. Pretty happy to have found a nice 5 digit with very minimal damage. The barrel is 24" round (except 26" for .220 Swift and .300 H&H and 25" .375 H&H XTR jives with late 70's. If you go google Winchester 70 XTR, you get lots of people talking about their late 70's to early 80's model 70's. I don't know if that designation stayed through the 2000's. Jon has done radio, television, magazine and newspaper interviews on various issues, and has traveled extensively, having lived in Britain, Australia, China and Hong Kong. In March 2006, U.S Repeating Arms Co. announced that its New haven, CT, plant was being shut down and that the Models 70 and 94 would no longer be made. Features such as controlled-round feeding and the three-position safety--not to mention classic good looks and a reputation for quality and accuracy--are just some of those measures. Each owner had an The Model 70 series features a serial number for every year since 1935, but records for individual firearms are incomplete as of May 2015. Winchester's Model 70 bolt-action rifle is without a doubt, one of the darlings of the American rifle shooter. I dont know M70 S/N 4 (a Standard Rifle presumably in 30 GOVT06) is the one pictured in the inaugural M70 Green Brochure. Don. These guns Any idea of the year of production? I have not been able to get out and shoot it until this coming weekend. Been told it is a 1982 manufacturecorrect? bragged they had a model 70 because that is what it said on the barrel & did it not have the hinged floorplate of the model 70. the Model 70 Winchester. Hi. It appears that you are accessing the Winchester Website from outside North America. I have the book: Winchester dates of manufacture 1849-1984. may have had other added features. My Classics are tackdrivers! I dont have a receipt so I dont know what I paid but seem to recall about $400. The forend is checkered and has a black All Rights Reserved. The CONTROL ROUND FEED BOLT will have a long "Claw" type extractor (see figure 3) and is often referred to as a pre'64 style bolt. Barrel Break-In: What It Is. production guns and black plastic on guns with later serial numbers. For purposes of determining if your gun is legally considered an "antique" (pre-1899 DOM), the BATF has told us they use the DOM dates published by the manufacture (Winchester). Also present is a distinctive flag shaped safety lever and a stepped bolt handle shaft. Then STFU. So, based on your Serial # you have gun #4 - ZP means 2018 - Model 73 - D variation, although I don't know how many variants there are. hello folks! long action verse long action magnum). 800-333-3288. And you can find a far more detailed history in Roger Rules The Riflemans Rifle if you click here. FWIW M70 S/Ns 3, 5, 6 and 9 have also turned up over the past several years and none has fetched more than about $30K. eeks hope it shoots well I will know this week end. Subscriber Services. Year Serial Number Range. Use the Key to determine which gun you have. Please keep the following points in mind as you explore these pages: There are other outside resources including the Cody Firearm Museum -- which can be excellent for determining date of manufacture and value: Click here to go to our gun values resource links. . Curious on what might thought of this listing here? original probably decreases value. the other choices 270guy, may I ask what serial number range your Bob is? This information below gives a fairly accurate picture of year of manufacture for Model 70s until recent years (1992). Go to STEP 2. c. My gun has a plain walnut checkered pistol CLICK HERE. Mark was not ready to sell it however and decided to do some research. Our Winchester serial number lookup allows you to date your vintage rifle. And each Model 70 stock requires the use of a specific floor plate assembly. A few years back I acquired a Model 70 in the 270 caliber at an auction. The arms collectors website is a good one, but it does not list any Winchester 70's of recent manufacture. Thanks I thought he had it longer than that. You Mark did some research, which included acquiring Roger Rules book The Riflemans Rifle, and then contacted a group of bona-fide Model 70 collectors and found that they were willing to make him some high five figure offers for it: it was then he realized he was in possession of a rather desirable barn find of a Winchester Model 70: sort of like a guy who finds an antique Ferrari in his barn. . Winchester added a prefix letter to all of the Models in production at that time with the exception of the Model 94 (its oldest model still in production). RECORDS AT THE FACTORY INDICATE THE FOLLOWING SERIAL NUMBERS WERE ASSIGNED TO GUNS AT THE END OF THE CALENDAR YEAR. And in figure 6 you can see that the bolt uses the small style extractor, but the bolt face is not completely inletted. began production of the Model 70, the serial numbers were in the 1.525-million range. These two historic Winchester Model 70 rifles bearing serial numbers 1 and 2 are now being offered for sale by Sportsmans Legacy. Thanks guys!! were very popular and some have gone through many hands. I dont see how a scam involving these rifles could be successful but I suppose its possible. Curious on what might thought of this listing here? You will need the Adobe Reader program to open this file. Winchester Model 70 rifles feature a serial number on the . I need a general price range for it also I want to trade it. For our purposes, we will be discussing the USRAC production and later actions. Year Serial Number Range. Winchester produced 3 different types of Trigger Guard / Floor Plate Assemblies. m70 Custom Super Grade, controlled round feed, SN G1123. anyone interested? Serial number G16617xx. Found I had made an error. I've got a Fwt CRF 7x57 folding leaf iron sight, and the original front sight hood, and a red butt pad marked USRAC, and 2 floral or medallion? In the absence of factory records, it may seem logical to regard the date stamp under the chamber area of the barrel as a way to date a rifle (these stamps were present on the model 70 until 1956). You will find the sale page with further details if you click here. When the U.S.R.A.Co. I have a 2006 model new haven Win Model 70 in 300 wsm that has the balck packmyr pad, but not sure when Winchester started putting these on model 70's. Any idea on what year it was built? I won't tolerate it. Yep, a 7 digit M70 with the dark stock and slabbed bolt shroud at the safety. A final reference point which is important for you to know regarding your rifle is the production year. R. Medina on October 31, 2020: ttn intnl model 1878 s/n 4751. michael v ventimiglia on October 30, 2020: new england firearms ( N G 001039 ) model r22 ultra mini. These rifles have a tapered oval receiver tang and a non-recessed rear bridge which is drilled and tapped for a scope. Mudstud, do you have any dates for G536XX, G310XXX, G145XXX, G242XXXX, G255XXXX ? Push Feed, The Control Round Feed, and the Control Round Push Feed. would like to get a ruger44 redhawk or super redhawk sw 629 or somthing comp. Your I have this old Model 70 might just be worth rather more than you expect. All RifleShooter subscribers now have digital access to their magazine content. --- To obtain date of manufacture on a Model 70 made after 1992 please contact the Winchester Customer Service Department at 800-333-3288. To the best of my knowledge, the U.S.R.A.Co. Winchester Model 70 Serial Number Lookup Quinn Bonner October 27, 2022 13:19; Updated . J. Scott Rupp takes a first look at the Springfield M1A Loaded rifle chambered in the popular 6.5 Creedmoor. I try to stick with the basics, they do so well. I have model 70 XTR Featherweight 7MM Mauser serial, number G1649XXX. However, polishing was just one step in production, and not the final step.
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