bivalve fossils texas
One of the main traits of all bivalves is theabsenceof a head and its associated organs such as eyes, head tentacles, and mouthparts. Aprox. Also present with the fossil is liesegange banding, where iron-rich fluids (possibly from local volcanic rocks) have caused secondary alteration of the rock. Figure fromYamanashi et al. 0000897177 00000 n Interpretation: These brachiopods are usually found in the lowest fossil-bearing sediments, indicating that these animals lived at the bottom of the oceans. The exteriors of the valves are so distinctive that even a novice seafood buyer can identify them. 0000897332 00000 n The Paleontological Society publishes the Journal of Paleontology six times The mantle covers the body and secretes the shell. Five growth rings are visible. Trigonia. Location: From several locations in Kentucky. Usually brown or black in color, the ligament includes two distinct components: an inner portion that is partly mineralized with aragonite fibers, and an outer organic region composed of fibrous glycoprotein (conchiolin). Request Permissions. Soft anatomy of the hard-shelled clam,Mercenaria mercenaria. Interpretation: The Liracassis fossil gastropod looks much like the Tonna giant tun shells found today in tropical oceans. Im still fairly new to the area, but Ive done some research and some asking around, and heres what Ive come up with. Where To Find Obsidian In California (Top 7 Locations), How To Preserve Pyritized Fossils (Tips From a Pro! Dorsally (toward the hinge) the mantle is fused to the visceral mass and forms its integument; ventrally (toward the commissure) the mantle surrounds the open space of the mantle cavity. ), A Turquoise Standoff: The Story of a Woman Standing Her Ground in Nevadas Mining World. While its unfortunate that the land doesnt allow you to take fossils, the truth is that it means theyre well preserved and easily visible for future visitors. The Society was founded in 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland, and has ~1,500 members, including professional paleontologists, academicians, Chapter contents: Class Bivalvia: Introduction and Morphology- 1. It is also your responsibility to verify and gain permission to visit each collection site that is mentioned on this website. This paper expands the distribution of many eastern Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coast taxa westward into Texas and shows strong ties between the Anacacho fauna and that of the Campanian Tar Heel and Bladen Formations of the Black Creek Group in North Carolina. There are eight growth ridges visible on the exterior surface. 47. Images by: Ms. Corey Green With the exception of our feathered friends, dinosaurs are all but gone today. The shells also feature prominent growth bands. The Paleontological Society is an international organization devoted exclusively to the advancement of the science of paleontology. Bivalve Phylogeny and Classification2. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Blue arrows indicate movement of water. Specimen is from the Quaternary of St. Marys County, Maryland (PRI 76728), with external shell features annotated. All bivalves live in or very close to the water, and have lamellar gills for respiration (which are also used for feeding in many species). The top panel shows the carbon isotopes accumulated in the shell of theTridacnaclam. You can literally walk any creek or river and find remnants of this ancient world that once existed here. 0000027377 00000 n ] $.L`0a`3`c`}Z $ _An_`8"dW "II^|f`\` %0 endstream endobj 42 0 obj 120 endobj 5 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents [ 11 0 R 13 0 R 19 0 R 21 0 R 23 0 R 25 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R ] /CropBox [ 85 200 1642 2398 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 1728 2592 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 6 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] /Font << /F3 17 0 R /F5 8 0 R /F7 15 0 R /F9 28 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 37 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 38 0 R /GS2 39 0 R /GS3 40 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /CS1 7 0 R /CS3 14 0 R /CS4 16 0 R /CS5 27 0 R >> >> endobj 7 0 obj [ /Separation /PANTONE#201525#20CVU /DeviceCMYK 35 0 R ] endobj 8 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F5 /Encoding 9 0 R /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 39 /quotesingle 96 /grave 128 /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute /Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis /atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis /iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve /ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex /udieresis /dagger /degree 164 /section /bullet /paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute /dieresis /notequal /AE /Oslash /infinity /plusminus /lessequal /greaterequal /yen /mu /partialdiff /summation /product /pi /integral /ordfeminine /ordmasculine /Omega /ae /oslash /questiondown /exclamdown /logicalnot /radical /florin /approxequal /Delta /guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /blank /Agrave /Atilde /Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /divide /lozenge /ydieresis /Ydieresis /fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl /periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand /Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /apple /Ograve /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave 246 /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron ] >> endobj 10 0 obj 3381 endobj 11 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10 0 R >> stream Well as a child I had three options, museums, media and models. (2016) inPLoS ONE; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationallicense. Breakfast (provided by hotel), Lunch and Dinner. For comments on the text we thank Chris McRoberts. But people who appreciate the beauty and design of a multitude of things in the universe are not fools if they attribute them to the true Creator. The Boquillas Formation contains abundant marine fossils including the extinct bivalve fossil seen below in Figure 2. Also present with the fossil is liesegange banding, where iron-rich fluids (possibly from local volcanic rocks) have caused secondary alteration of the rock. In far western Texas, the formation overlies the Del Rio Formation and is in turn overlain by the Eagle Ford Group. Bodies of sea creatures would sink to the floor when they died, and over time, only their calcium-rich skeletons or shells remained. The aperture is broken off slightly. Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. The left portion is broken away and is missing, however there is little wear or abrasion on the exterior of this fossil. 0000010347 00000 n Description: The Gryphaea fossil pelecypod is 1 1/4 long X 1 1/16 wide X 11/16 thick. Partial, 2.7" Fossil Clam with Calcite Crystals - Ruck's Pit, FL . The soft parts of the animal occupied the cavity between the two shells, just like modern oysters. [3], The Buda Limestone is an important petroleum reservoir that has been exploited for decades via conventional vertical drilling. The rock record shows that oysters have always been identifiable as oysters, but with much variation within the oyster kind. Neithea texanaOU 28307; Scallop bivalve; Lower Cretaceous; Fort Worth member, Caddo Formation; Marshall County, Oklahoma; CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. There are many types of bivalve fossils in Texas. Scientists believe that early ancestors of bivalves had heads, like their close relatives the snails, but that bivalves have lost the feature. The shell of Mercenaria has two crossed-lamellar layers and an outermost prismatic layer. Feeding type(s):mostly suspension feeders; some deposit feeders and carnivores. Texas Cretaceous Fossils : Bivalves - Clams Texas Cretaceous Fossils : Bivalves - Clams Share Followers 2 Album created by JamieLynn 88 1 0 Texas Cretaceous Fossils : Bivalves - Clams A selection of bivalves from Cretaceous Formations of Texas : Glen Rose, Walnut, Comanche Peak, Georgetown, Del Rio and Austin Chalk. 0000026185 00000 n "The Universe Looks Designed Because It Is! Specimen is from the Quaternary of St. Marys County, Maryland (PRI 76728), with external shell features annotated. Vaughan in 1900. All bivalves have gills (also called ctenidia), which they use for respiration; most species also use them for feeding. Gastropod: Trepospira sp. About 1 hour south of Waco, US21 crosses the Brazos River via the Whiskey Bridge. Location: The three fossil scallops are from the Yorktown formation (James River), Virginia. Below is a list of the various stop options and and fossils that we could find. Upper and Lower Glen Rose Formation . explorationists, science editors, earth-science teachers, museum specialists, land managers, students, amateurs, and hobbyists. 0000025971 00000 n Bivalve Ecology and Paleoecology3. The surrounding area is composed of lower Cretaceous rock that stretches' all the way north of Dallas. 0000034757 00000 n However, in Gods grace the post-Flood earth still had many beautiful things that we can enjoy today including this wonderful Spirifer brachiopod that sparkles in the light. Last summer, I accepted a job transfer within the, At the end of the July dinosaur dig, the teens in, Last Saturday, I was at Moody Gardens promoting mu, So every so often I get a text from my friends, Jurassic James' profiles in Awesomeness! A bivalve is an animal that has two hinged shells, which are called valves. The Society holds an Annual Meeting, which is ordinarily in the fall at the same time and place as the Annual Meeting of The 49. For this reason, they have common names, such as zig-zag oyster, cockscomb oyster, and saw tooth oyster. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). / Cretaceous fossil gallery / Cretaceous bivalves gallery. Width of specimen is approximately 10 cm. Matrix failed the acid test and so is not limestone. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. In Figure 1 you can see the tinaja or erosional pothole in the thick whitish-gray limestone beds of the Buda Formation. If the fossil is permineralized as in the case of the Archimediella seen here it will be considerably heavier than the shell of a recent similar found on a beach. . Species with two approximately equal-sized adductor muscles are called isomyarian; those with two unequal muscles are anisomyarian; those with only one muscle, including oysters and scallops, are monomyarian. Living Lopha are stationary suspension type feeders and filter sea water to extract nutrients. Most bivalves have a byssus as larvae, and many lose it as adults. Ever since I caught the fossil bug last year in Maryland, I've been itching to make it back to Texas to explore. The Pholadomya fossils are commonly discovered with the valves tightly closed like the specimen above, indicating rapid burial while the clam was still alive. For most creation scientists, the created kind is established at, or near, the Family level rather than the Genus level. 0000037408 00000 n Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Location: Astoria formation near Newport, Oregon. The Indian Auger shell to the right is 11/16 diameter on the large end X 1/8 diameter on the small end X 3 1/8 long along the axis. No too long ago my family and I relocated to the Waco area. Hotels and Lodging one night in the Red Lion Inn & Suites 6801 US 180E, or Days Inn 107 Washington Rd, Mineral Wells, Texas, Fossil Nautiloids (Squid relatives) Shells, Fossil Brachiopods, Ammoites, Snails and Clams, Fossil Sponges, Coral, Crinoids and Sea Urchins with spines and plates, Fossil Ammonites, Clams, Crinoids, and Corals. Designed by Chrystial Carina| Carina Creates Studio. 1996 Cambridge University Press Since North Texas and Central Texas are both predominantly Cretaceous Era and consequently share many of the same fossil species, I am only posting images of fossils I have specifically found in North Texas. The foot primarily functions as a burrowing organ in infaunal species. The rectum runs across the posterior adductor muscle, opening near the excurrent aperture or siphon. Evolutionary History of Bivalves - 4. The seven loose fossil clams are all complete with both valves (clamshells) frozen tightly together and average about 2 long X 1 3/4 high. The Society also publishes, on an irregular basis, 0000022410 00000 n There are 20 remaining ribs, but both ears of the valves and the hinges are missing. Description: All four of these specimens range from 2 5/8 to 3 wide X 2 3/4 to 3 high. In the rock record it can be found throughout many levels comprising the secular Geologic Column yet is an index fossil for specific sedimentary layers thought by evolutionists to be millions of years old. 0000010656 00000 n For most of their history, and especially for the past 250 million years, bivalves have been among the most taxonomically diverse and ecologically important groups of animals in the oceans. Video shows a cockle using its foot to escape a sea star predator. Autobranch gills are usually used for suspension feeding in addition to respiration. Image by Harry Rose (flickr; Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license; label identifying periostracum added). However, since they contain pyrite, they are vulnerable to pyrite disease and must be preserved in a clean, dry environment. A roughfile clam from the Flower Garden Bank National Marine Sanctuaryjust one of many different bivalve mollusk species. To book a trip or inquire more details, email me at: Self-provided transportation, park fees, hotel, food and beverages. Appropriate clothing should be worn during all hikes based on temperature and time of year. Description: The five Platystrophia brachiopod fossils in the top row show the convex valve sides while the 15 in the lower three rows show the concave valve sides. Usually they are complete. In Mercenaria (and most species), the umbo points toward the anterior and the ligament toward the posterior (this is not necessarily the case with other bivalves). Bivalve: Mercenaria mercenaria (PRI 76728) The taxonomic ties between these two areas probably reflect the thorough documentation of the North Carolina fauna, which is the best documented Campanian bivalve fauna in the Gulf or Atlantic Coast regions. Post Oak Creek and North Sulfer River. Drill core at the University of Texas - Austin showing Cretaeceous reef facies and fossils from a depth of over 10,000 feet. The total thickness is about 100 feet (30m). . One of the favored and more rare fossils are shark teeth. References and Further Reading. The gut or digestive system in bivalves runs from mouth to anus, including labial palps surrounding the mouth for initial particle sorting. Growth increments form the growth lines that are usually visible on the outside of the shell, and also when the shell is sliced across those lines, from umbo to the shell margin. The biblical creationist sees many hallmarks of design in living things that the evolutionist often misses because of his incorrect presuppositions that everything came from nothing for no reason, and animals and plants are able to invent things themselves. Bivalves include clams, scallops, mussels, oysters, and their relatives. (Suspension-feeding gastropods, such as turritellids, also have a crystalline style.) Unlike all other mollusks, bivalves lack a distinct head with all of its associated organs (tentacles, radula, etc. The entire trip has eight to ten stop depending on season and flooding. Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Those who reject the Creator are indeed foolish and without excuse (Romans chapter one). Cretaceous Fossil Oyster and Gastropod Association - Madagascar SOLD SOLD. Packed wi, Who's who at PermianFest? [5], In the Big Bend National Park area, the formation is divided into three informal members. Bivalve Chlamys santoni . These fossilized marine pelecypods are sprinkled with shinyspecks of marcasite, a mineral chemically identical to iron pyrite.Travis County. 0000001422 00000 n 0000018468 00000 n Digging happens by pumping blood into the foot which expands the end and acts as an anchor; pedal retractor muscles then pull the bivalve into the substrate. The aperture of the shell is thinner than the one in the fossil and is not broken. Most bivalves have a large foot, which is a muscular and expandable structure in the middle of the mantle cavity. The fossil range of the genus spans the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Paleocene of the Cenozoic, from 298 to 56 Ma. When oysters are shucked for human consumption, the first step is to break the hinge, followed by a quick slice of the single adductor muscle. Drawings by Christi Sobel, based on Beerbower (1968) and Ponder et al. Difference between a bivalve mollusk (left two diagrams), in which the plane of symmetry (blue line) is usually between the valves and corresponds with the commissure, and a brachiopod (right two diagrams) in which the plane of symmetry is usually across the valves. 264pp. Notice that this pink line is perpendicular to the feint lines of the shell, which show grow within each year. The meeting of the two valves is sometimes called the commissure or shell margin. One or two adductor muscles hold the shell tightly closed when they contract. "Visualization of Freshwater Mussel Water Movement from In-current Siphon to Ex-current Siphon" by Jared McGovern (YouTube). More. The shell looks to have had 20 to 25 whorls prior to being buried when Liracassis was alive. Fossil and modern bivalve shells can yield information about their chronological age at death through the methods of sclerochronology. Bivalves (also known as pelecypods or, in older literature, lamellibranchs) are a very diverse and abundant group of mollusks. So what are the ways to connect to these long lost creatures? A small inland sea covered what is now Waco, Texas during the Late Cretaceous era. The periostracum provides protection against abrasion, and/or camouflage by attached sponges, algae, and other epibionts. Most bivalves bury themselves in sediment, where they are relatively safe from predation. Again, we see a bivalve that was fossilized with both valves tightly closed, indicating rapid burial while the clam was still alive an evidence for the worldwide Flood. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. 0000001401 00000 n These Lopha oyster fossils from Madagascar are examples of where human tools (such as saw teeth and screw threads) were first invented by the Creator. One geographical area familiar to the author where this fossil clam is found is in the central part of Oregon state. Store. More elaborate sculpture common in bivalves include commarginal (parallel to the shell edge, like growth lines), radial (from umbo to ventral edge), or in a few, oblique elements. Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. The Digital Atlas of Ancient Life project is managed by thePaleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. In most autobranch species, it contains a crystalline style a proteinaceous rod-shaped structure that rotates, stirring and macerating the stomach contents and releasing digestive enzymes. Above the Buda lies the more thinly bedded Boquillas Formation. 1964 Worlds Fair Tyrannosaurus rex and Brontosaurus. ", A number of fossil pelecypods similar in design to, Chalcedony is a variety of quartz, and quartz is crystalline silica which is an important material for forming both rocks and fossils. In addition, the surface of the earth was greatly changed. This marine bivalve, a fossil oyster, is generally found in the lower third of the Austin Chalk Group . 0000001144 00000 n 2.55" Silurian Bivalve (Megalomoidea) Fossil - Ohio SOLD 1 year ago SOLD . This indicates that the fossil clams must have been rapidly buried while they were still alive! Protobranch gills are typically rather small and simple, and used primarily for respiration. You can see the wavy bedding of limestones, shales, and less common volcanic ash beds. 0000026292 00000 n In this formation, mollusks with aragonitic shells are preserved only as casts and . The ligament is not normally preserved in fossils, although fossil ligaments are known in exceptional circumstances from as old as the Carboniferous. Pyrite (iron sulfide) is often called fools gold because it looks so much like real gold. Pictured fossils from 3/4inch to 7 inches; all Central Texas. Bivalves There are many types of bivalve fossils in Texas. It is ultimately your responsibility to know if you are on private property or not. The mantle is comprised of two or three layers or folds. (PRI 70109) by Digital Atlas of Ancient Life on Sketchfab. By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies. Join my email list to stay on top of new fieldtrips! Waco Research Pit The Waco Research Pit (aka The Waco Pit) is probably one of the most popular places near Waco to dig for fossils. Left image source: "Pallbo" (Wikimedia Commons; public domain). These Lower (Early) Cretaceous fossils may have been collected from near the Red River (Oklahoma-Texas border), where older rocks are exposed. This specimen is somewhat smaller than those typically found. The incurrent siphon brings water and suspended food into the mantle cavity, and the excurrent siphon carries out water and waste. The Journal of Paleontology, published by the Paleontological Society, includes original articles and notes on the systematics of fossil organisms and the implications of systematics to biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleogeography, and evolution. When God created the scallop kind He designed its DNA to allow for the variation seen in the photo. Information about your use of this site is shared with Google. According the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, "tan to white chalk beds are composed of partly recrystalized, fragmented nannoplankton matrix having 5 to 25 percent foraminifers and whole or fragmented inoceramid pelecypods." . Notice the thickness of layers remains much the same throughout the folded strata indicating that these are likely flexural-slip folds (Figure 3). Snails are the most abundant fossils in this site, but clams and coral can be found too. The depth of the pallial line is a good indicator of the size of the siphons (and therefore the burrowing ability) in bivalves, which can be very useful for reconstructing the habits of fossil forms (see section on Bivalve Ecology and Paleoecology). The Journal seeks to appeal to a broad international audience, and to publish comprehensive systematic treatments of taxa, which employ modern analytical techniques and have broad evolutionary, environmental, and/or geographic significance. The zig-zag teeth vary from 1/8 to 1/4 on centers and the tooth heights vary from less than 1/8 high to over 1/4 high. Contact us for permission policy. The oldest known fossil bivalves come from rocks of Early Cambrian age. For assistance with illustrations, we are grateful to Alexandra Allmon, Franz Anthony, James Crampton, Katy Estes-Smargiassi, Liz Harper, Jon Hendricks, Carole Hickman, Linda Ivany, Claudia Johnson, Carlie Pietsch, Elizabeth Petsios, Gary Rosenberg, Leslie Skibinski, Christi Sobel, Chelsea Steffes, Jennifer Tegan, Vicky Wang, and Alex Zimmerman. [3], The Buda Limestone is a dense white to yellow sparry limestone with numerous calcite veins that weathers to yellowish or pinkish due to its iron content. Journal of Paleontology "Cockle Jumping" by Fritz Rivera (YouTube). Interactive 3D model of a fossil specimen of the bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria from the Quaternary of St. Marys County, Maryland (PRI 76728), with external shell features annotated. trailer << /Size 43 /Info 2 0 R /Root 4 0 R /Prev 897605 /ID[<0c8213059f6c714719f353973c94641e><0c8213059f6c714719f353973c94641e>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 4 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R >> endobj 41 0 obj << /S 36 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 42 0 R >> stream Bivalves Showing 1-28 of 56 results 1 2 Small Jurassic Coast Fossil Oyster, Frome Clay (Actual as seen) Sale! The middle fold is sensory, which is particularly important for bivalves, given their lack of a head. The small piece is 1 X 1 1/4 X 3. Oysters, Clams, Scallops,and other mollusks are all considered bivalves. Some of the fossils create a really nice picture of this morphology like the photo in Fig. The bivalve shell is usually composed of several layers of crystals of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Some bivalves are symetrical, like clams,while others have different shaped sides, but most have a hinge that connects the two valves. All bivalves have a single pair of gills, each of which is composed of a curtain of filaments and attached dorsally within the mantle cavity. Bivalve Cerastostreon Description: The oyster fossil is 2 wide X 2 1/2 long X 3/4 thick. This and two other associated specimens were first described in 1848, and are the first specimens of fossil mollusksand apparently the first fossils of any sortfound to have preserved most of their soft anatomy. This is Myria Prez o, Day one of PermianFest has been awesome! Chalcedony is a variety of quartz, and quartz is crystalline silica which is an important material for forming both rocks and fossils. If you time it right and kayak either of these two rivers while the water levels are low, youll easily find fossils. Lopha oysters are still found alive today, thus it is a living fossil. Share Followers 3. Image by Franz Anthony and Dr. Katie Collins. Cretaceous Era (65 - 150 Million Years Ago) Fossil finds from Dallas, Ft. Worth, Lake Benbrook. Class Bivalvia: Introduction and Morphology 1. The eyes (blue dots) and tentacles are positioned on the mantle. The large block is 3 X 3 1/2 X 5 and weighs three pounds. The bottom image shows where the clam shell was sampled with a pink line. It is your responsibility to know the rockhounding laws and regulations for each site you visit. The Journal also publishes review articles, opinion pieces in its "View From the Field" section, comments and replies in response to recent publications in the Journal, and book reviews. Pterosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. The right valve fits inside the left like a lid. Transportation provided in the form of a 12 to 15 passenger van. Description: The conglomerate is held together by siltstone and is 5 long X 2 1/2 wide X 3 1/2 high. Fossils of North Texas. Fossil specimen of the gastropod Trepospira depressa from the Pennsylvanian Graham Formation of Coleman County, Texas (PRI 70109). 0000006892 00000 n Photo by Chandler Olson, courtesy of Kathryn Estes-Smargiassi, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. Location: The conglomerate is from the state of Washington. In most species the valves are approximately the same size, but in some they are unequal, a condition called inequivalve. HERE ARE SOME OTHER SIMILAR FOSSILS FOR SALE 4.75" Partial, Cretaceous Rudist (Durania) - Kansas $85 13" Cretaceous Rudist (Durania) Colony - Kansas $295 4.3" Partial, Cretaceous Rudist (Durania) - Kansas $55 2.4" Cretaceous Bivalve (Neithea) Fossil - Texas
