what are the four parts of a pauline letter

118, # 471. 9:22). and 2 Cor.). First, Paul was released from his house arrest in Rome (where we find him at the end of Acts). . 10-17). [22] Murphy-OConnor, Paul the Letter-Writer, 1619; Richards, Paul and First-Century Letter Writing, 3336. In addition, Paul was a Roman citizen, being Roman born (Acts 22:28). Apparently this had occurred, because 2 Thessalonians 2:2 suggests that the eschatological fervor that Paul was trying to counter in that letter had been inflamed by such a forgery: That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.[31]. Because believers are complete in Christ (2:10) and are thereby risen with Him, they now have all they need for Christ-like transformation in all the relationships of life (3:1f.). Exhortation to Progress in the Life of Faith (2:6-7), 3. As mentioned previously, it was from Rome, during this second imprisonment in the dungeon that he wrote 2 Timothy. Add an RSC shortcut to this device's Homescreen, In the menu, scroll past any icons and tap. In his campaign against Christians, both men and women, he traveled with letters of arrest from the high priest and went to other cities to waste the church of Jesus Christ (Acts 26:10-11; Gal. Chapters 4 and 5 undoubtedly stand out as key chapters because of their teaching on both the coming of the Lord for the church, the rapture (4:13-18), and the day of the Lord (5:1-11), the time in the future when He will intervene in human events to consummate His redemption and judgment. As with 1 Thessalonians, this letter was also written by Paul (cf. That would be 1 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1+2 Corinthians, Philippians, Philemon, and Romans, in case you were wondering. James, although it begins as a letter, continues as a homily based on scriptural references and the teachings of Jesus, employing the diatribe style. Paul himself had relatives who later returned to the city (Andronicus and Junia; see Romans 16:7). Pauls missionary journeys occupied approximately the years A.D. 48-56. We should carefully study these issues and seek biblical answers so we might come to conclusions based on our study of the facts of Scripture. His hypothesis is that: The Pauline epistles began, most of them, as fragments by Simon (part of Romans), Marcion (the third through sixth chapter of Galatians and the basic draft of Ephesians), and Valentinian Gnostics (Colossians, parts of 1 Corinthians, at least). Christianity had been brought to Rome by others, presumably Jewish Christians, perhaps as early as the AD 40s or even earlier since Jews from Rome had been among those in Jerusalem at the time of Pentecost (see Acts 2:10). For 12 Thessalonians, see Sidney B. Sperry, Pauls Life and Letters (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1955), 9498; Anderson, Understanding Paul, 7290; Jo Ann H. Seely, Hope for the Children of Light as the Darkness Descends (1, 2 Thessalonians), in Studies in Scripture, Vol. Paul then made his third visit to Corinth during the winter of A.D. 56-57 (Acts 20:2-3). Send any friend a story As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. His death and resurrection are the basis for the believers redemption, justification, reconciliation, salvation, and glorification.42. with the leaders there, he took Titus (a Gentile) with him (Gal. He wrote (1) to urge Timothy to come to Rome as soon as possible in view of his impending death (cf. Also, the seeds of what later became the full-blown Gnosticism of the second century were present in the first century and already making inroads into the churches. 3), proper behavior toward the various age groupstowards elders and widows (chap. In August of 2001 he was diagnosed with lung cancer and on August 29th, 2002 he went home to be with the Lord. Notably absent are qualities of worldly success and position. Their Love for God Expressed in Sanctified Living (4:1-8), B. Romans was written in about A.D. 57-58 most likely near the end of his third missionary journey (Acts 18:23-21:14; see also Rom. Suggestion 2. Personal: The Private Plans and Affairs of the Apostle (4:7-18). . . This new life in Christ calls for a new way of living through the Holy Spirit (3:16, 17; 6:11, 19-20). [4] E. Randolph Richards, Paul and First-Century Letter-Writing: Secretaries,Composition, and Collection (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2004), 16364. Everton lost 4-1 to Newcastle United at Goodison Park on Thursday and are second bottom in the Premier League ahead of Mondays visit to fellow strugglers Leicester City.. In the Greek text, Titus is titled Pros Titon, To Titus.. As with many of Pauls epistles, picking a key chapter is difficult, but perhaps chapter 6 stands out because of its very important revelation regarding the nature of our warfare with Satan (6:10-18). From 62-67 Paul traveled more or less freely, leaving Timothy in Ephesus and Titus in Crete, and then subsequently writing each of them a letter. 16:5-9; Acts 20:31). 4. The term, pastoral, is an 18th century designation that has stuck down through the years,63 and though not entirely accurate, it is a somewhat appropriate description of these three letters. Dated to AD 50 or 51, Pauls two letters to the Thessalonians are generally considered to be the earliest of his preserved writings, and the formal occasion for Pauls writing is his concern for the further instruction of these new Saints. Then she was caught plagiarizing. For two years, 61-62, Paul was held under house arrest in Rome, at the end of which time, it can be surmised, he was released. No! After he was released he wrote 1 Timothy and Titus, was arrested again, wrote 2 Timothy, and was martyred in Rome. This means he had already been at Corinth and since he had not yet been at Corinth when he wrote to that church (cf. Thus, 1 Corinthians was written as a pastoral corrective to the news he had received to the many problems and disorders in the church there. Clearly, Pauls purpose is to broaden the believers horizons regarding the limitless wealth of his blessings in Christ who is the head of the church, the body of Christ. 1:7, 13; Col. 4:10, 18; Philemon 1, 9, 10). E.g. Had He forgotten His promises to the Jews? According to this rule, in the article-noun-kaiv-noun construction the second noun refers to the same person described by the first noun when (1) neither is impersonal; (2) neither is plural; (3) neither is a proper name. Do they show similar dependence on Jewish categories and principles? ( A.D. 50, 51) 1 and 2 Cor., Gal., Rom. A few examples must suffice: the doctrine of justification by faith (Rom 3:20-22; Gal 2:16); the church as the body of Christ appointed to represent and serve him through a variety of spiritual gifts (Rom 12; 1 Cor 12); the collection for the poor saints at Jerusalem (Rom 15:25-28; 2 Cor 8-9). He Commands and Convicts Regarding Idleness (3:1-16), V. His Concluding Benediction and Greeting (3:16-18). In 1 Thessalonians, the focus was on Christ coming for His Church (4:13-18) where as in 2 Thessalonians, the focus is on Christ coming with His Church in judgment on the unbelieving world (1:5-10; 2:3, 12). It outlines the format of Paul's letters in the New Testament. 185 Heber J. To understand the contents of these letters, it is necessary to know something about the man who wrote them, as well as about the particular circumstances under which they were written. It was written from Corinth, while completing the collection for the poor in Palestine. Chapter 13, the great chapter on agape love, undoubtedly stands out as the pinnacle chapter of this book. Marked social and economic differences existed among them (7:20-24; 11:21-34); some of them had even been steeped in pagan vices (6:9-11). It would be natural, however, for Paul to mention to a church to which he was a stranger his acquaintance with mutual friends. As to external evidence, several church fathers (Clement of Rome, Ignatius, Polycarp, Clement of Alexander, and others) either quote from or use language closely resembling that found in Ephesians.53, In recent years, however, critics have turned to internal grounds to challenge this unanimous ancient tradition. The Exhortation Against False Teaching (2:4-8), 1. So here are some suggestions to think about: Suggestion 1. WebThe letters of Paul, written only about 2030 years after the crucifixion, were preserved, collected, and eventually published. In general, they answered questions of churches [34] For example, Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians which is in God the Father and in the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ (1 Thessalonians 1:1). 1013), A. Pauls Defense of His Apostolic Authority and the Area of His Mission (ch. WebThree of the seven letters are anonymous. Paul first preached the gospel in Corinth while on his second missionary journey, about A.D. 50. While engaged in these missionary activities, he wrote the letters that are preserved in the New Testament. Letter from the Producer LIVE Part LXXVII Date & Time. Apart from the salutation and benediction, the book easily divides up into five sections: II. The playwright Philetaerus (Athenaeus 13. For more discussion see Wallace, Exegetical Syntax, 270-78, esp. 1. [40] The classical point of discussion begins with Aristotle, Ars rhetorica, 1.3 (1358b) and includes Quintillian, Institutio oratorio, 3.4.1215. )[16] This concept of an encyclical, or circular letter, is further developed in 1 Peter and in the other general epistles. Some scholars, in fact, have tried to reserve the term epistle for letters of this type, comparing them to the literary letters of classical authors such as Cicero and Pliny, who, even when they were writing real letters to specific individuals, expected their letters to be more widely published and so often wrote with a broader audience in mind. The former referred to north-central Asia Minor, north of the cities of Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe; the latter referred to the Roman province (organized in 25 B.C.) Primarily Apologetic: Explanation of Pauls Conduct and Apostolic Ministry (chs. Web Colossians: A Letter that encourages authentic faith and authentic Christian life in face of the commingling of religions and new ideas. Because of this, 1 Timothy must be dated after his first release, around the spring of A.D. 63, but before the outbreak of the Neronian persecutions in A.D. 64. You are a Consequently, Paul was uniquely qualified to be the one chosen to carry the message of the gospel to the Gentiles. Salutation. The work comprises four parts: in section one, Pauls identity as priest, eschatological herald, and missionary-pastor are explored while in part two topics such as the apostles activity among pagans, his suffering, and Pauls "missionary message" to the church at Rome are considered. [2] This is partly because the letters of Paul, by and large, are not treatises of systematic theology, a fact that undercuts the efforts of some to establish extensive theological positions based largely upon the Apostles writings alone. The Comfort of a Faithful Servant (4:6-18), Since the Pastoral Letters have been treated previously on the matter of authorship, see 1 Timothy. Here the apostle taught them that the day of the Lord had not come and could not until certain events had taken place, not for the rapture of the church which is imminent, but for the day of the Lord, Daniels seventieth week. Since the epistle clearly names the author in the opening verse, it is not necessary to theorize that Ephesians was written by one of Pauls pupils or admirers, such as Timothy, Luke, Tychicus, or Onesimus.54. 2:3). Paul and The Pauline Letters. Romans, which has been called his greatest work or his magnum opus, gets its title from the fact it was written to the church in Rome (1:7, 15). The Resurrection of Sleeping Saints (4:13-16), 2. Overviews of the reception of Pauls letters in the early church can be found in the relevant volumes of Oden 2001. [38] See Brown, Introduction to the New Testament, 416n16. As to Ones Self and the Church (5:19-21), D. The Believers Walk in Warfare (6:10-20), 2. [40] The rhetorical intent of a letter could, in fact, dictate the way Paul organized the body of the letter. Since these books deal with church order, ministry, and organization, why were they not first? Pauls epistles may be divided into four groups: 1 and 2 Thes. [32] Richards, Paul and First-Century Letter Writing, 169. . But the point is simply this: regardless of the type of church government, within certain limits, of course, if Gods Word is being consistently and accurately proclaimed with prayerful dependence on the Lord, and if the people take it to heart, a church will be alive, in vital touch with Christ, and effective for the Lord. The Instruction of the True Teaching (2:9-15), 1. The Proof and Reason for Our Walk (5:8-13), 5. 6:5-9; Col. 3:22; 4:1). As previously mentioned, the apostle was a prisoner when he wrote this epistle (Eph. To distinguish this letter from the First Epistle to the Corinthians, this letter received the title, Pros Corinthians B. He suggests that the more theologically involved passages, such as 1:1831 and 2:616, may possibly represent Sosthenes presumably exegetical and philosophical bent, whereas Paul insisted on pragmatic counsel. that included southern districts and those cities just mentioned. As a result, students of the Word have debated certain issues for years like the exact form of government or how we select and appoint men to leadership. To add an RSC website shortcut to your home screen, open the website in the Safari browser. Previous Paul could easily say, I am become all things to all men, that I may by all means save some (1 Cor. It also appears Titus worked with Paul at Ephesus during the third missionary journey. Where to Watch. Concerning the Day of Christ: The Comfort of His Coming (4:13-18), 1. (8:1-13), VI. Misunderstanding of Gods message of the cross (1:182:5), 2. 2:13) and receive news about conditions in Corinth. After the postscript was added, the letter was either folded or rolled and then sealed. Shaped in letter format in its opening and focusing on practical religion, it is somewhat in the tradition of Old Testament wisdom literature. Follow the tabs above to get [26] While scribes are not named in any Pauline epistle other than Romans, they can be presumed in the other letters, where their involvement in the actual composition of the letter and the degree to which they were involved in wording of the final draft could vary greatly. [10] Sperry, Pauls Life and Letters, 11837; Anderson, Understanding Paul, 95129; David R. Seely, Is Christ Divided? Unity of the Saints through Charity (1, 2 Corinthians), in Millet, Studies in Scripture, Vol. Hampton wrote many articles for the Biblical Studies Foundation and on More. WebThe canon of the books of the New Testament includes, along with the Pauline corpus (the thirteen letters of St. Paul and the letter of Hebrews), a group of seven others which Tradition usually calls the "Catholic Letters" - that written by St. James, two by St. Peter, three by St. John and one by St. Jude. Organization, or better, the organic and unified growth of a church, must be based on right teaching, which is based on rightly handling the Word, i.e., Gods objective truth along with the use of those people who are qualified and spiritually right with God. They are in Christ (1:1), blessed with every blessing in Christ (1:3), chosen in Him (1:4), adopted through Christ (1:5), in the Beloved (1:6), redeemed in Him (1:7), given an inheritance in Him (1:11), have a hope that is to the praise of His glory in Christ (1:12), sealed with the Spirit through Him as an earnest installment of their inheritance (1:13-14), made alive, raised, and seated with Him in the heavenlies (2:5-6), created in Christ for good works (2:10), partakers of the promise in Christ (3:6), and given access to God through faith in Christ (3:12). 17), B. Thanksgiving for Divine Comfort in Affliction (1:3-11), C. The Integrity of Pauls Motives and Conduct (1:122:4), D. Forgiving the Offender at Corinth (2:5-11), E. Gods Direction in the Ministry (2:12-17), F. The Corinthian Believersa Letter From Christ (3:1-11), G. Seeing the Glory of God With Unveiled Faces (3:124:6), I. Paul's missions were typically located in c. the virgin birth is part of the solution d. Jesus' resurrection is part of the solution. WebTHE LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS. Philippians guards against the failure to practice Christ-provided unity and against the failure of believers to rejoice in their blessings and position in Christ (Phil. WebPauls epistles fall into two categories: nine epistles written to churches (Romans to 2 Thessalonians) and four pastoral and personal epistles (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus and The letter contains a number of historical references that agree with known facts of Pauls life and the doctrinal content of the book is consistent with the other writings of the apostle, a fact quickly evident by a comparison with his other letters. [27] Murphy-OConnor, Paul the Letter-Writer, 816, 3435; Richards, Paul and First-Century Letter Writing, 5993. Several passages stand out in pointing us to the person and ministry of the Savior. 64 For a detailed discussion of the issues of authorship see Donald. As declared in 1:1 and 2:18, all evidence (external and internal) supports the claim of the book that Paul is the author of 1 Thessalonians. WebThe reports are exclusively narrative until July 1867 when a printed form first came into use. The heart of much Catholic and especially Reformation theology, the Pauline epistles frequently prove to be unfamiliar and difficult territory for many Latter-day Saints. The frequent personal greetings often appended to the end of Pauls letterssuch as the list of twenty-six individuals and five groups in Romans 16:316remind us that these were actual letters written to real people in the first century AD. 5:1f.). As such, this epistle is a fitting illustration of Christ who took our place as our substitute (see v. 18). However, he simply moved next door to the house of Titius Justus where he continued his ministry (Acts 18:7). What is so significant about that? 1 Thess. 3:1; 4:1; 6:20). 1 and 2 Thessalonians 14 The Deutero-Pauline Letters in Contemporary Research Notes. In these two chapters Paul demonstrated convincingly that his apostleship and his message came by revelation from the risen Christ. 1:3). WebThe Format of the Pauline Letters. Although an occasion, or reason for writing, can be identified for all of the letters of the Pauline corpus, the occasional nature is particularly apparent in some of the earliest of the Apostles letters, each of which is a response to specific situations in the early branches of the Church. 16:1-4; 2 Cor. The last major group of Pauls epistles have generally been called the Pastoral Epistles, a term used to designate the three letters addressed to Timothy and Titus (1 and 2 Timothy, and Titus). This view of supersession, sometimes called replacement theology, saw the Mosaic law and the old covenant of God with His people as being replaced by the new covenant ushered in by Jesus sacrificial death. Since there is such a divergence of opinion does this mean we should give up on matters of church government? Second Corinthians was written to defend the authenticity of both his apostleship and his message. This suggests Philippians was written after Ephesians later in A.D. 60 or 61. Objections are based on internal factors rather than on the adequacy of the statements of the church fathers. Though Titus is never mentioned in Acts, the many references to him in Pauls epistles (13 times), make it clear he was one of Pauls closest and most trusted fellow-workers in the gospel. It seems clear by comparing Acts with the epistles that 1 Timothy and Titus belong to the period after Pauls first release and acquittal in Rome. This singularly christological book is centered on the cosmic Christthe head of all principality and power (2:10), the Lord of creation (1:16-17), the Author of reconciliation (1:20-22; 2:13-15). Thus, the apostle writes to refute their false gospel of works and demonstrates the superiority of justification by faith and sanctification by the Holy Spirit versus by the works of the Law. The Character of a Faithful Servant (2:1-26), C. He Is Single-Minded Like a Soldier (2:3-4), D. He Is Strict Like an Athlete and Enduring Like a Farmer (2:5-13), V. The Caution for a Faithful Servant (3:1-17), B. The Prospective: The Endurance of Hope (4:13-5:28), A. 3:4-5), and had evidently been taught the trade of tent-making as a youth (Acts 18:3). The background of the Roman church itself influenced both how Paul approached the issue of justification and why he also introduced another topic, Gods promises to Israel. 9. [23] The case of Sostheneswho may well be the same individual mentioned in Acts 18:17 as the former ruler of the synagogue, as well as an opponent of Paul, in Corinthis intriguing. Because of the riot caused by silversmiths (Acts 19:23-41) Paul departed from Ephesus for Macedonia (Acts 20:1) in the spring of A.D. 56. Is this selection to be carried out by the board of elders, by the congregation, or by both working together? A careful study of Acts and the Epistles reveals the following summary of Pauls involvement with the Corinthian church: (1) there was the first visit to Corinth followed by, (2) the first letter to Corinth (now lost). In summary, then, these books were designed by God to aid us in our pastoral responsibilities and in organic development and guidance for the life of local churches. The Consequences of Denying the Resurrection (15:12-19), E. The Christians Victory Through Christ (15:51-58), VIII. Ryrie has an excellent summary of the theme and contents: More formal than Pauls other letters, Romans sets forth the doctrine of justification by faith (and its ramifications) in a systematic way. Nevertheless, considerable portions of both letters to the Thessalonians are devoted to treating the specific topic of the Parousia, or glorious return of Jesus Christ (see 1 Thessalonians 4:135:11; 2 Thessalonians 2:112), which included the promise that those who were Jesus at His coming would live with Him forever. A number of basic Christian doctrines are discussed: natural revelation (Rom 1:19-20), universality of sin (Rom 3:9-20), justification (Rom 3:24), propitiation (Rom 3:25), faith (Rom 4:1), original sin (Rom 5:12), union with Christ (Rom 6:1), the election and rejection of Israel (Rom 9-11), spiritual gifts (Rom 12:3-8), and respect for government (Rom 13:1-7).41. In the other prison epistles, Paul spoke of this new relationship (Eph. Paul did not deny the rights of Philemon over his slave, but he asked Philemon to relate the principle of Christian brotherhood to the situation with Onesimus (v. 16). From Macedonia Paul wrote a fourth letter, 2 Corinthians. Tit. Paul wrote: 1. Pauls advocacy before Philemon is parallel to Christs work of mediation before the Father. The Personal Circumstances of Paul in Rome: The Preaching of Christ (1:12-30), III. Clement of Rome speaks of 1 Corinthians as the Epistle of the blessed Apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Corinthians and even cited 1 Corinthians in regard to their continuing factions. Paul came to realize that there must be some connection between these persons' faith in Jesus and their manner of living. Onesimus had made his way to Rome, where, in the providence of God, he came in contact with the apostle Paul, who led him to trust in Christ (v. 10). 38 This material is taken from J. Sidlow Baxter's Explore the Book, pp. This letter is addressed to a congregation at Colossae in the Lycus Valley in Asia Minor, east of Ephesus. Instructions Concerning Marriage (7:1-40), C. Marriage and Christian Service (7:25-38), V. Instructions Concerning Food Offered to Idols (8:111:1), A. He wrote: (1) to give an incentive for the Thessalonians to persevere by describing the reward and retribution that will occur in the future judgment of God (1:3-10), (2) to clarify the prominent events belonging to the day of the Lord in order to prove the falsity of the claims that the day had already arrived (2:1-2), and (3) to give detailed instructions covering the disciplinary steps the church should take in correcting those who refuse to work (3:6-15). WebAFT acted quickly by pursuing four main goals: first, safeguard the health and lives of students, families and frontline workers in education, healthcare and public service. In essence, then, their case was lost by default, and Paul was freed. After being recaptured and once again imprisoned, Paul wrote Timothy a second letter, 2 Timothy. As a result, he is less strident and more diplomatic about some of the same principles. (5) Then there was a third letter to Corinth (now also lost). Thus 2 Timothy, dated approximately A.D. 67, represents the last Pauline Epistle.66. 1:1, Tit. The Expression of Thanks for Timothy (1:3-7), III. Instead, the composition process was a more lengthy procedure that involved others at every step. Paul was a prolific and lengthy writer. In the upcoming Letter from the Producer LIVE, well be covering information on whats to come in Patch 6.4! The primary purpose of this letter, the most personal of all Pauls letters, was to ask Philemon to forgive Onesimus and accept him back as a beloved brother and fellow servant in the gospel (see vv. Then, rather than refer to his earthly family or household as a typical letter writer would have done (e.g., Paul, son of X, of Tarsus . Are they themselves properly to be described as Jewish? The Example of Abraham: He was Justified by Faith, Not by Works (3:6-9), C. Justification Is by Faith, Not by the Law (3:104:11), D. The Galatians Received Their Blessings by Faith, Not by Law (4:12-20), E. Law and Grace Are Mutually Exclusive (4:21-31), III. The writer calls himself Paul in several places (cf. Amanda Goh and Cheryl Teh. Good deeds are not to be the product of human ingenuity or dead religion, but the work of Gods grace through faith in the power of God as manifested in Christ, the Savior. Priscilla and Aquila, whom Paul met in Corinth, were Jewish Christian refugees from Rome (see Acts 18:13; Romans 16:34). Giving, for instance, is a corporate and individual responsibility, but our giving and the collection of money must be so done that it does not violate certain biblical principles such as giving voluntarily rather than by methods that employ coercion or manipulation. It is a cosmic book, presenting the cosmic Christ: the Creator/Sustainer and Redeemer/Reconciler of man and all the universe. (6) This was followed by 2 Corinthians, the fourth letter to Corinth. He offers His righteousness as a gracious gift to sinful men, having borne Gods condemnation and wrath for their sinfulness. Because of this, he could appeal to Caesar as a citizen of Rome while imprisoned in Philippi (Acts 16:37-39). Exhortation Regarding the Philosophy of the False Teachers (2:8), B. He became familiar not only with the Law itself but with the explanations and commentaries made by the leading rabbis of the Jewish faith. 2:1-3) as an example of one accepted by grace without circumcision, which vindicated Pauls stand on this issue (Gal. Pauls Prayer for the Colossians Growth (1:9-14), 3. But a careful analysis of ch. Brigham Young University [35], The introductory formula of an ancient letter was routinely followed by either a prayer for health or a thanksgiving to the gods. Misunderstanding of the Spirits ministry (2:6-16), D. The Design and Example of Paul (4:6-21), III. Approximately one third of the New Testament consists of letters, or epistles, written by the apostle Paul and addressed to the Christian churches of his day. Acts 18:1-11). Some early manuscripts of Ephesians 1:1 lack at Ephesus, opening the possibility that the letter was meant for more than just the branch at Ephesus. Practical: The Practice of the Believer in Christ (3:5-4:6), 2. If you or I were doing this (especially today) we would probably first try to get the administrative organization in order, the structure, and then worry about the doctrine. (4) This was then followed by a second visit to Corinth (the painful visit, 2 Cor. The Prayer That the Thessalonians Might Grow in Love (3:12), 3. Ryrie summarizes this and writes: At the time of the writing of this letter the term Galatia was used both in a geographical and in a political sense. There are two main views, The North Galatian View and The South Galatian View. The Pattern of the Christian Life: Having the Mind of Christ (2:1-30), D. The Examples of Humility Seen in Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30), IV. Again as indicated in the opening salutation, Paul is the author of this letter. Raised in a Jewish home, he was taught the Old Testament Scriptures and brought up in strict accordance with the beliefs and practices of the Pharisee sect. Then, either from Macedonia or Nicopolis, Paul wrote the epistle to Titus to encourage and instruct him. In contrast, for an LDS understanding of Romans 911, see Millet, The Just Shall Live by Faith, 5354. Second Thessalonians was evidently prompted by three main developments that Paul heard about: (1) there was the news of increasing persecution which they were facing (1:4-5), (2) to deal with the reports of a pseudo-Pauline letter and other misrepresentations of his teaching regarding the day of the Lord and the rapture of the church (2:1f. Paul did eventually get to Rome, but as a prisoner. [1] See the representative excerpts of Augustines AD 427 treatise On Grace and Free Will, and Martin Luthers 1531 Lectures on Galatians, in The Writings of St. Paul, ed.Wayne A. Meeks (New York: Norton, 1972), 22050. Of course not. Letters often went through several drafts before the author reviewed it and then either applied his seal or signed it with a postscript at the end. 2:12-13; 7:5-6; 8:6). Where to Watch. Further, in view of all Christ was, is, has and will accomplish, Paul declares Christ as the believers life, for to me to live is Christ (1:21), that He is the perfect model of humility and sacrificing love (2:4-5), that He is the one who will transform our humble bodies into the likeness of His glorious body at the resurrection (3:21), and He is our means of enablement in any and all circumstances of life (4:12).

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