which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism?

For instance, some cultures have a strong tradition of female genital mutilation, and a person practicing cultural relativism may try to avoid judging that practice as harmful or as a violation of women's bodies. If you tickle us, do we not laugh? They will have a narrow-minded outlook that fails to see things from other peoples perspectives (often manifesting itself as cultural blindness). The insistence that German beers are of the highest quality. Enjoy subscriber-only access to this articles pdf. They also overtook lands in Africa, Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, Scotland, and more. Adolf Hitler decided he hated Jewish people, as well as other groups of people, and had many innocent people slaughtered in concentration camps. Recognizes that each culture has its own unique standards and values that should be understood and respected. Prejudices Can lead to prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between different cultural groups. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. The Elements of Moral Philosophy, 15-29. War and genocide could be the devastating result if a group is unwilling to change their ways of living or cultural practices. Natalie is highly tolerant toward different cultures and enjoys learning different languages. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. a. (1985). He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. What is Directed Cultural Change? In England, by contrast, holding hands is largely limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests a sexual relationship. Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology examining how cultural factors influence human behavior. They either make light of the cultures idiosyncrasies or embrace the wonder of it all. c. They have higher levels of educational attainment than the overall Hispanic population. d. They have median incomes above those of other Latinx. For example, you might meet an American who insists French culture is better than the American way of living. Ethnocentric individuals believe theyre better than other individuals for reasons based solely on their heritage. Unlike racial groups, ethnic groups are xenocentric in nature. But some of us do, showing how we think our way of doing things is the right and natural approach, and other peoples approaches are naturally inferior. The belief that cheeses and wines from other countries are superior to the products from your own country. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions c. Likewise, when researchers apply their theory to another culture, and the results differ from what was the norm in their culture, they state that there is something wrong with that culture. The belief that the style of clothing in another culture is superior to those within your own culture. Still, cultural relativism can become problematic when it is used as an excuse to avoid criticizing oppressive traditions. In order to avoid conflict over culture practices and beliefs, we must all try to be more culturally relative. seldom considered important in a society Of course, not everyone thinks this way. In a similar approach to Australia, colonial Canada established residential boarding schools where first nations children would be forcibly taken in order to snuff out Indigenous cultures within Canada. People of Asian, German, and African cultural heritages peacefully coexist with one another and have uniform access to power and privilege in this country. While we might not want to change our culture and traditions, we could use the theory of ethnocentrism to get to know other peoples cultures better. To solidify the definition of ethnocentrism, its helpful to look at present day politics. This approach aims to observe cultural differences in the relevant context and uses that cultures concepts or standards. a. Believing that ones own culture is correct can spread misinformation about other cultures, leading to negative consequences. In Latin American countries, for example, it is common to kiss on the cheek when greeting, even if the greeting takes place between strangers; however, in the United States, people generally shake hands or simply wave hello. b. We watch the family as they spend their Sabbaths in the temple and clamor to win the rabbis affection so hell visit their home on the Sabbath. c. Some cultures prefer to use forks, spoons, and knives to eat and may believe that it is weird or incorrect that some cultures traditionally use chopsticks to eat. c. ), the idea that we would judge or shun their consumption of these animals may just be a knee jerk reaction and not based in logic. He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. b. We wouldnt want to think that English is the natural and normative language and all other people should learn it! While prejudice certainly leads to problems, very rarely in history has ethnocentrism led to the mass slaughter of millions of innocent people at the scale witnessed in Nazi Germany. A small country in Europe is renowned for being home to multiple ethnic groups. A person practicing xenocentrism assumes that foreign cultures are superior to their own, and thus values the goods, styles, ideas, and traditions, among other aspects of foreign cultures, more than that of their own culture. 20. However, Western cultures may have a different idea of what qualifies as intelligence compared to other cultures. It involves evaluating other cultures and ethnic groups based on the standards and values of ones own group and viewing them as inferior or less important. It serves more as an entertaining device. . a. answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood. Identify examples of ethnocentrism. He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. A) Sarah believes that her opinions and interests are superior to that of her siblings. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. 2000. But head to more conservative nations and women might always cover their shoulders or hair. Select an example of popular culture that you believe demonstrates these behaviors, films, TV shows, books, and music that reflect stereotypes and depict different cultures in ways that contribute to fear and hostility or idealize U.S. culture are useful for this analysis. Tilley, J. J. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 As a result, she judges members of other cultures based on the standards of her own culture and considers them inferior. Ethnocentrism is often a judgment that we make based on our own culture, we tend to believe that what we practice in our own culture is right, as opposed to the practices of the other cultures, it is a kind of cultural relativism where we are comparing our own culture to the other while at the same time keeping the focus on our own culture. Teo, Thomas, and Angela R. Febbraro. When traveling the world, many of us English-speakers live with the expectation that others will speak English to us. Because of this, Europeans had lower scores of intelligence, and African Americans were at the bottom of the IQ scale. According to Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Chief Protector of Aborigines, there was urgency to ensure mixed race children reject Aboriginal cultures: Everything necessary [must be done] to convert the half-caste into a white citizen. His commentary about the strangeness of it all shows his sense that his English diet (of Pasta, chicken and potatoes) is normal and the Egyptian diet is just strange. About The Helpful Professor , and Zimbardos) used only white American males in their samples. Ethnocentrism. This approach matters because it has led to the emergence of theories that are more relevant to the lives and cultures of people not only in Africa but also those far removed from their African origins. Which of the following terms describes the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society? Lets take a look. Otherwise, some other examples of ethnocentric behavior include: Judging other cultures food and specialty dishes. Nichole has taught English Literature and Language Arts, as well as College Readiness, Analytical Readiness, Research Readiness, Business English, History of English Speaking Countries, Lexicology, and various academic and creative writing courses. This idealization may then result in cultural appropriation if an individual from a majority ethic group mimics the culture of a minority ethic group without proper permission, respect, or education. c. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x, https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v20i2.7401. Many Iranian Americans refer to themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian" because In the movies, ethnocentrism isnt often presented as a serious problem. Ethnocentric people think the ways they do things is the way things should be done, and every other cultures way of doing things is unsavory or undesirable. The Spanish Inquisition is one of the most extreme examples of religious ethnocentrism that has occurred in human history. They are able to have contact with people from all across the globe as well as being able to hold talks and conferences where researchers from different cultures can meet to discuss ideas. d. The symbolic interactionist perspective. in T.V. a. Racism Furthermore, the entire movie is centered around the thrills and issues of planning a Greek wedding. Ethnocentrism as a form of intuition in psychology. Theory & Psychology 13.5 (2003): 673-694. ethnic nepotism. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. However, if we get go too far the other way, we end up being cultural relativists with no moral framework guiding us at all. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocentrism, https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/individuals-and-society/perception-prejudice-and-bias/v/ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism-in-group-and-out-group, Aishani Menon, currently pursuing sociology from the University of Delhi, I put my thoughts across through my words, I believe in learning because with knowledge comes growth, and with growth comes the best ability to write, What is Culture Lag and Examples Explained, Triskele: A Departure into Fiction by Psychoanalyst and Author B. DAmato, Cambridge AS and A Level Sociology: Revision Notes and Syllabus, ITS ABOUT TIME by RAY FRIGAULT Book Review, I Was DyingThen I Changed My Mind: A Conversation with Gngr Buzot, From Trauma to Empathy: A Conversation with Playwright and Facilitator Rita Bozi. Most noteworthy are the differences observed in Japanese and German infants compared to American infants. To assume that people from other cultures are neither mature enough nor responsible enough to consider criticism from the outside is demeaning. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. In this case, sociologists may argue that cultural relativism is being used as a way to circumvent debate and conflict, effectively avoiding one's responsibility to uphold human rights. On the one hand, the world economy relies on xenocentrism as a way to market goods to foreign consumers. Ecological and Geographic Cultural Variation, Ethics in Cultural Psychological Research, Five Factor Model and Cross-Cultural Research, Cultural Considerations and Indigenous Personality, Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination, Cultural Considerations of Kohlbergs Theory, Cultural Alternatives to Moral Development, Psychological Reactions to Unfair Behavior, Challenges to Living in a Multicultural World. a. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. Furthermore, it is the belief that other cultures are no better or worse than ones own but are equally valid despite their differences. Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities? But through the practice of cultural relativism, xenocentrism can support a more open and non-judgmental way of regarding foreign cultures. - Definition & Examples, What is Human Nature? They will travel to Quebec and expect Quebecers to speak English to them, even though their local language is French. scapegoating An example of how cultural relativism is relevant in research is noted by Sternberg (1985), who stated that the meaning of intelligence is different in every culture. However, she describes white athletes as intelligent people who are better suited for decision-making positions. Judging Other Countries' Diets An example of ethnocentrism is when you judge other countries for the way they eat, but don't have a moral reason for this. d. Perhaps, the next time youre assigned a persuasive essay in school, youll consider tackling this important topic. Report an issue . Chinese Americans But many Asian cultures where chopsticks are the norm may have opposite views. One of the challenges that Native Americans face today is a. The nurse recognizes that the client's request is an example of: cultural ritual. Some researchers believe that ethnocentrism comprises in-group favoritism and vilification of out-groups; thus, people have a high opinion of their own group and think negatively about out-groups. Ethnocentrism occurs when a researcher assumes that their own culturally specific practices or ideas are natural or right., The individual uses their own ethnic group to evaluate and judge other individuals from other ethnic groups. This is a topic that verges on ethnocentrism but does not always reach that level. Simply Scholar Ltd. 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, 2023 Simply Scholar, Ltd. All rights reserved. Cultural groups may be less likely to help each other in times of need and may only seek to preserve the people in their own group whom they consider more important. There is still a strong Western bias, with one analysis finding that 90% of participants in research are drawn from Western countries, with 60% of these participants being American (Thalmayer et al., 2021). This scenario best exemplifies _____ change. A) Sarah believes that her opinions and interests are superior to that of her siblings. Personality the degree to which aspects of personality might be influenced by or linked with cultural influences. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you d. Internal colonialism, Sociologists emphasize that race is __________. Your email address will not be published. Hofstede added a fifth dimension known as long-term versus short-term orientation which was, What does Porter point to as the reason for Japans success in the postWorld War II, What is the most widely spoken language in the world, and is increasingly becoming the. Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. they had migrated to the United States before Persia was renamed as Iran in 1970. when we judge the taste of the Chinese in eating insects, as gross or disgusting simply because we are not used to eating such food we are automatically implying that, the food choices or practice of our own culture is more normal than theirs and thus it is better and not disgusting. Throughout the film, the family believes that because their culture is best their children should attend Greek schools, learn Greek language, and study Greek history. The "us" that Shylock is referring to are the Jewish people. All the advice on this site is general in nature. abandon the stereotype and accept the person for who he or she is. Throughout the era of European imperialism and colonization, there was a widespread belief that Indigenous populations were inferior or even unintelligent. The theory of racial formation Leah, a white American sports journalist, describes African American athletes as naturally gifted people with athletic abilities who are more suitable for team positions that require agility rather than information processing. They might consider us to be uncultured for having to use forks. In Madagascar, for example, the. All people are assumed to be the same, resulting in research that is universally applied to all cultures. If we understand other peoples perspectives, we can live more harmoniously together, and remain open-minded to learning from each other. Biocultural Evolution Overview & Impact | What is Biocultural Evolution? a. In fact, xenocentrism can be viewed as a defiant attitude, since it is a departure from social norms and can result in the rejection of one's own nation.

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