according to symbolic interactionists, gender is quizlet

Functionalism emphasizes that all the elements of society have functions that promote solidarity and maintain order and stability in society. c. types of jobs women hold compared to men's jobs. c. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us [email protected]. 1. Which of the following is the "gender role ideology" explanation of the traditional division of labor? For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a White woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on an Asian woman in poverty, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? b. with high concentrations of lesbian and gay employees. Delgado and Stefancic (2001) provided a foundational understanding of critical race theory by considering the following six elements: 1. with marriage or entrance into the workforce, 1. This creates tension and conflict resulting in temporary dysfunction of the social system. A financial magazine publishes an annual list of major stock funds. Which of the following statements about school and gender is true? c. lower unemployment. The boy code According to Cooleys concept of the looking-glass self, an individuals understanding of their gender role is based on how society perceives them. 1. b. emotion work. Judging women negatively for seeking sex and pleasure outside relationships, while men are judged less harshly, is known as a _____________. This resulting racial hierarchy has benefited (white) elites (materially) and the working class (psychically), according to Delgado and Stefancic (2001). All of the following are true of gender and HIV/AIDS worldwide EXCEPT The _________ states that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United This book uses the d. gender deviance hypothesis, 1. The study reported in your text of the household division of labor in 10 Western countries found b. the practice of promoting within an organization based on seniority OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. a. employment policies. Conflict theorists examine power disparities and struggles between various racial and ethnic groups. c. opportunity structures. The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. c. women and girls were significantly underrepresented with twice as many male title and main characters. 1. Seen as an acceptance of a woman's subordination to men, Structural- Functionalism uses the concept of ____________ to explain gender inequality. 1. a. Conflict theorists Why or why not? b. 1. 1. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. About 9 percent of all those trafficked are children. b. c. a female perceived to be dishonoring her religion. 1920 d. passage of the Civil Rights Amendment. b. This book uses the c. little encouragement to follow STEM pursuits. This theory asserts that gender is an interactive performance we stage through our interactions with others. the type of masculinity at the top of those hierarchies, and it changes across times, cultures, and subcultures, In general, patriarchal societies are characterized by, Women must earn a _________ degree in order to make more than a man with a bachelor's degree. One-to-one interactions and communications. b. women in traditionally male jobs are less likely to be promoted to high managerial or administrative positions. a. expressive a. pinkcollar jobs In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. Which of the following religious denominations has the most nontraditional beliefs about women's roles? Being married is related to b. HIV/AIDS. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. and you must attribute OpenStax. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. d. a female perceived to be dishonoring her family. Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. According to labeling theory, which of the following are requirements for labeling sexual behavior as deviant? c. motherhood penalty. b. an employer who requires sexual favors of an employee in exchange for a salary increase a. women make up the majority of minimum wage workers. b. improvements in women's health but a decline in men's health. Because of this, we act and react to symbols based on their current assigned meanings. c. higher pay for female politicians For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. 25% 40% 45 percent Intersectionality, already explained earlier in this section, suggests that individuals are simultaneously members of many different, potentially competing or overlapping, identities including but not limited to race, gender, social class, national origin, religion, politics, and sexuality. In sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that understands social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) as emerging from human interaction. 1. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written 1790 An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. b. glorification of homosexuality among teens. 2 The belief that laws that make sex work illegal are created by people with power, influence, and the ability to institutionalize their conceptualizations of particular morals and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? Doing gender is the notion that masculinity and feminity are performed gender identities. b. quotas https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/11-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe how major sociological perspectives view race and ethnicity, Identify examples of culture of prejudice. Generally, the outer ring contains elements that may change relatively often, while the elements in the inner circle are often considered more permanent. d. were frequently owners. b. mommy choices theory. b. listen to girls more than boys. This refers to whether the audience for our performance understands our actions as we have intended for them to be understood. 1. Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. For example, while it is not an intended outcome, schools in an urban community may lead to an increase in interracial friendships and relationships, which is a beneficial outcome for the larger community and society. STEM. For example, Vivien Thomas (19101985), the Black surgical technician who helped develop the groundbreaking surgical technique that saves the lives of blue babies was classified as a janitor for many years, and paid as such, despite the fact that he was conducting complicated surgical experiments. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. a. based on biological sex differences. Sociologists argue that women's jobs are undervalued, because they include a significant amount of According to this framework, the split labor market would help to explain the ethnic antagonism that exists between white workers in the United States and undocumented workers from Latin America. b. women are superior to men. 1. d. Individual sexism. Globally, women made up______ percent of the total work force in 2012. d. equality for all groups. b. the continuation of cultural beliefs. a. education. Girls and boys are treated equally in schools. Conflict theorists argue women and men are more likely to be economic equals in societies. a. religion Labeling theory Symbolic interactionist perspectives on sex work and prostitution Enable us to consider the individual perspectives of those who participate most directly in the industry 1. The meanings attached to symbols are socially created and fluid, instead of natural and static. By the end of this section, you should be able to: We can examine race and ethnicity through three major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. c. 1965 According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we do gender: Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? Practices and policies may lead to dysfunction. Occupational sex segregation has continued to increase in recent years. a. at birth. d. Return on equity Income tax rate. Creative Commons Attribution License 1. Who is most likely to live in poverty? 1. We can examine issues of race and ethnicity through five different sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, intersection theory, and critical race theory. c. women's career choices are structured by their choices not to attend college. 1. To restore the societys pre-disturbed state or to seek a new equilibrium, the police department and various parts of the system require changes and compensatory adjustments. The United States ranked, 1. b. are licensed under a, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change. Christine Williams (1992) found that males encounter a _______ _____________, or invisible pressure to move up in their profession. d. Sex stereotypes are reinforced and created in schools. 1. c. 20 The research finding that women who are mothers are viewed as less competent and committed to paid work than non-mothers, and that mothers feel pressured to choose professions with flexible hours is referred to as the b. language The "glass escalator effect" refers to the process by which National Order for Women (NOW) b. d. all of these choices, 1. c. 40 In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. 1. a. 1. d. 35. In this theory, Cooley argued that an individuals perception of himself or herself is based primarily how society views him or her. The United States has not ratified the CEDAW's bill of rights. c. suicide. Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are c. Gender dysphoria a. reliance on gender stereotyping. According to the________ hypothesis, differences in the earnings of women and men are the result of then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Interactionists believe that these meanings are derived through social interaction, and that these meanings are managed and transformed through an interpretive process that people use to make sense of, and handle, the objects that constitute their social worlds. 1. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. The meaning attached to racial an ethnic labels and images. d. higher self-esteem among boys than girls. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. a. the masculine overcompensation thesis. Of these, which country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? A recent study of 1,000 adults found that two-thirds of the respondents thought that television advertisements pictured men as We recommend using a b. women today have few barriers influencing their choice of career, so they are structuring their own choices. 1. Consider how a community might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site The argument that sex work and prostitution can provide jobs for people who might otherwise have few options for employment is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? d. 1984. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. c. when a child enters school. Interactionists see race and ethnicity as important sources of individual identity and social symbolism. ________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. 1. a. socially constructed The term "glass ceiling" refers to which of the following? Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. a. Structural-functionalists What percent of transgender adults report being harassed? As discussed in Chapter 1.2 with regards to the social construction of race, since some people who claim a white identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a Black identity, how did they come to define themselves as Black or white? a. Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. c. cardiovascular diseases. Hence, we can observe people from various racial and ethnic backgrounds interacting harmoniously in a state of social balance. 1. b. In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women? c. Females are more biologically equipped for household labor and childcare. a. structural sexism How many states have ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? a. a subfield in sociology that studies gender differences in job performance The concept of culture of prejudice recognizes that all people are subject to stereotypes that are ingrained in their culture. a. the glass ceiling effect. c. gaining access to birth control and abortion. In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. Worldwide, women represent percent of representatives to legislative bodies. Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act The National Organization for Women is the largest_______ organization in the United States. a. Student social class and teachers' expectations: The self-fulfilling prophecy of ghetto education. 1. 1999-2023, Rice University. We recommend using a The ________argues that the division of labor is a consequence of traditional socialization. d. man without children. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, c. transgendered individuals weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. a. cirrhosis of the liver. Orthodox Jewish How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? When subjects in a research study were asked to list the best things about being the opposite sex, males most often, 1. b. women were more likely to be portrayed in non-traditional than traditional occupations. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Our identities are formed by dozens of factors, sometimes represented in intersection wheels. a. glass ceiling What method would you recommend to obtain a sample of 202020 stock funds to estimate 1999-2023, Rice University. Women's hormonal makeup is calming, making them uniquely qualified to take care of little children and the Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. Reasons for STEM gender disparity include a. c. Republican women's a. a male perceived to be dishonoring his country. d. structural strain theory. d. feminist, 1. (1958, Spring). The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole. According to Goffman, during an interaction, individuals will attempt to control the behavior of the other participants, in order to attain needed information, and in order to control the perception of ones own image. home simultaneously. b. unfair treatment of employees on the basis of their sex Women tend to advance more quickly in STEM occupations than do men. Both masculinity and feminity are performed gender identities, in the sense that gender is something we do or perform, not something we are . The theory of doing gender is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? c. men equally shared responsibility with the women for caring for children. A study of 200 "topselling" children's picture books found a. a decrease of women in the workforce after World War II. The idea that men have a tendency to act out in an exaggerated male role when believing their masculinity is c. sexual harassment. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. c. die about two years earlier than women. What is the term for jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by If you meet with a female loan officer, on the other hand, you might make an emotional appeal, by stating your positive social intentions. a. instrumental tasks. threatened is called a. sexually explicit jokes that female office personnel find offensive b. an escalating divorce rate. b. human capital 1._________ argue that gender roles in the family and workforce change as the needs of society change. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. a. gender deviance hypothesis Check out this video of Kimberl Crenshaw explaining the premise of intersectionality: Video \(\PageIndex{4}\): Professor Kimberl Crenshaw Defines the Urgency of Intersectionality. A1. b. little job security. b. had higher incomes. Thus, intersectionality is not only a lens and theory but also a potential solution to social problems, reminding sociologists that the many status intersections of race, social class, gender, sexuality, age and/or disability should be considered when seeking remedies to social ills. c. Cultural sexism Only women are affected by gender stratification. d. sex-segregated economy. c. portrayal of young girls as sweet and innocent. This is an assumption about rape that tends to shift responsibility and blame to the victims. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. The belief held by a society that females are less valuable than males is an example of. a. live about two years longer than women. b. d. biological differences in capability. Symbolic interactionist perspectives on sex work and prostitution, Enable us to consider the individual perspectives of those who participate most directly in the industry. b. 1. c. agricultural 5 percent This perspective argues that the best way to understand gender relations is to see women as an oppressed social class. 1. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License .

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