controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment

WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Course of Theoretical Physics : Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics), Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (11th Edition). Several balls, medium-sized super balls, hollow rubber balls, solid rubber balls, tennis balls, golf balls, baseballs, and whatever other types of balls are available. Ramp and ball, controlled study lab report or hold Ctrl and then use arrow keys to move the wave 0.01 second left or right. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the release height. Independent: - Type of surface the tennis ball is dropped on. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. With no net force, the acceleration = 0 and the ball falls at a constant velocity. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. We felt the magic immediately.". Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. CoR = coefficient of restitution = (speed after collision)/(speed before collision). 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. However, the tennis ball we used may be a very old one, and to definitely prove that our hypothesis is wrong for most tennis balls we would need to repeat the experiment with many different tennis balls. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. Control Variable? Definition and Examples There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. WebVariables. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. This causes thermal energy to be given off. Is a bouncing ball a simple harmonic motion? The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? This will help with your understanding of the investigation and lead you to make a possible hypothesis. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. Removing the maximum and minimum results and taking an average of the middle three results also provided more accurate results. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. WebVariables: Height from which the ball is dropped Mass of the ball Material ball is made from External factors, i.e. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. ball Therefore the results are valid. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. It will be vinyl tiling. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Is your hypothesis correct? The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. 2. The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). WebA) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. It is from calculations using recorded data that tables and graphs are made. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. Also it will affect its bouncing properties. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. This was when the ball was falling in air. A control is the variable that is not changed in the experiment. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. Type your answer here: The independent is the variable you change, The dependent variable is the variable you observe to determine the impact of the independent variable, and control variable is the constant, which is something that is assigned a value, and it will not change in the experiment. The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. For example, we could have used a ruler on the top to help us read how high up the tennis ball bounced, and we could have made sure the partner taking measurements did so from a consistent height. This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different At that instant, how does the ball know how high it should bounce? WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. It travels upwards towards its highest point. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. As energy cannot be created or destroyed it follows that the energy must have come from the energy that the ball possesses. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. Ball It was difficult to accurately measure the height of the bounce. Readings: Carrying out an investigation Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. Its 100% free. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. It tells us that the ball consistently bounced to half of its drop height. It goes back to its initial vertical position after a period of time. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. Based on your gathered information, make an educated guess about what types of things affect the system you are working with. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. WebWhat is a control? Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. You The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. 7. Several new questions may have occurred to you while doing experiments. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. These equations allow us to predict how a change will affect the system without the need to do additional experiments. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. We have a new and improved h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. The variation between results was obtained by taking the minimum result away from the maximum result. Balls Bouncing Off of Surfaces tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. Constants are the release height, the bouncing surface, the type and the size of the ball. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. 8. Controlled Variable Draw a graph of bounce height Vs drop height. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. If a ball reaches terminal velocity at 20cm from the floor when dropped from 2m, it will reach terminal velocity at 10cm from the floor when dropped from 1.9m. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. Find the infinite distance of travel. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment The last stage is the point at which the ball has reached its maximum displacement, decelerates, and changes the direction of motion from upwards to downwards. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. The dependent variable is how high the ball bounces. Control variables include the type of ball, the surface that it is dropped onto and the size of the ball. 3. Testing reaction times can be investigated by dropping a ruler and seeing how quickly someone can grab it. The independent variable is the person who is trying to catch the ruler. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. Your assistant will record the bounce. The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. For each height repeat the test 3 to 5 times and record the most reliable result. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. The relative height of the bounce should be h/h = CoR2 = 0.72 = 0.49. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. Specially look for parts that discuss the gas pressure and physical properties of gases. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Our dependent variable was. Heres an example of an Excel spread sheet that analyzes whats going on: Heres a graph of energy vs. bounce from the spread sheet: Purpose: To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a specific height. Bouncing balls experiment ThatQuiz What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. If you choose to study on any other variable, following are samples of hypothesis.

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