which ecosystem likely has the highest biodiversity?

Check all that apply. (2023)Cite this article. Evidence is growing that insects are in decline, but each of us can take steps to help. Correspondence to https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.1936865, Plieninger T, Muoz-Rojas J, Buck LE, Scherr SJ (2020) Agroforestry for sustainable landscape management. Results on blue and/or green urban infrastructure, coastal ecosystems, and on areas not considered as drylands by the UNCCCD (2017) were excluded. Large-scale afforestation as NbS in the dried-out Aral Sea basin presents opportunities for further research in lieu of absence of documented evidence on the environment, both positive (e.g., the extent of sand transfer reduction) and negative (e.g., impact on groundwater resources). Additional keywords were used to include the most frequent interventions in the Aral Sea region mentioned in the literature: afforestation AND Aral Sea, saxaul AND Aral Sea, artemia AND Aral Sea. As a result, the same areas of land are sown several times over a number of years to increase the vegetation cover. Biodiversity includes the full range of species that live in an area. Take the Clean Earth Challenge and help make the planet a happier, healthier place. Others note features like potential wildlife corridors. 3). Available at: https://www.protectedplanet.net/555703562, UNEP-WCMC (2023) Protected Area Profile for Sudochye-Akpetki State Wildlife Sanctuary from the World Database on Protected Areas. Lisa Bunclark & Ivn Manuel De La Vega Hernndez, Stella Manes, Mariana M. Vale & Aliny P. F. Pires, Rajarshi DasGupta, Shizuka Hashimoto & Haripriya Gundimeda, Rachel E. Bitoun, Ewan Trgarot & Rodolphe Devillers, Jocelyn Baker, Diane Dupont & Liette Vasseur, Christian Albert, Mario Brillinger, Barbara Schrter, Environmental Management They're all part of the species biodiversity of this small ecosystem. Currently we have identified only 1.7 million species, so we have a long way to go before we can come close to figuring out exactly how many species are on Earth. You can play a part in protecting the biodiversity of your local community by creating a Certified Wildlife Habitat. Ecosystems that host the most biodiversity tend to have ideal environmental conditions for plant growth, like the warm and wet climate of tropical regions. Find out more information about biodiversity. Our future depends on it. So, policymakers and scientists must collaborate to ensure that only native plant and tree species are used for afforestation, if the intervention is to count as a NbS. Over generations, all of the species that are currently alive today have evolved unique traits that make them distinct from other species. Antarctica, covered almost entirely by an ice sheet, has low biodiversity. If we wait a while, we might be able to spot a garter snake, a bullfrog, or maybe a red-winged blackbird. This article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of Earth's most diverse and iconic biomes: the tropical . For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. https://aral.uz/en/creation-of-small-local-water-bodies-in-the-delta-of-amudarya/, Agol D, Reid H, Crick F, Wendo, H (2021) Ecosystem-based adaptation in Lake Victoria Basin; synergies and trade-offs. According to reports, Central Asia and Uzbekistan in particular, is among the areas most effected by dust and salt storms due to soil and wind erosion (Li, Ma, & Zhang, 2020) with an alarming number of people with respiratory diseases caused by these natural events (Li, Ma, & Zhang, 2020). Species go extinct because of natural shifts in the environment that take place over long periods of time, such as ice ages. Areas with extremely high levels of biodiversity are called hotspots. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. To reach its commitments to increase the percentage of protected areas with respect to the total territory, the government of Uzbekistan almost tripled the area of PAs in Karakalpakstan in 20212022 alone. Upon reaching certain heights and within a few years, these species are able to reduce wind erosion and subsequent dust storms drastically. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3642, Kumar N, Khamzina A, Knfel P, Lamers JP, Tischbein B (2021) Afforestation of degraded croplands as a watersaving option in irrigated region of the aral sea basin. Conserv Biol 33:812820. On a much smaller scale, one can study biodiversity within a pond ecosystem or a neighborhood park. However, it is notable that agroforestry in croplands has been erroneously proposed as an afforestation measure in some papers reviewed. Right now, about 13 percent of the United States is permanently protected and managed primarily for biodiversity, according to the United States Geological Survey. Genetic diversity also allows species to betteradaptto a changing environment.Importance of BiodiversityAll species are interconnected. Environ Manag 25:485512. Tech. Pollution, climate change, and population growth are all threats to biodiversity. Biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem. The health of grasslands all over Central Asia has been severely compromised by anthropogenic activities and climate change over the past several decades (Li, Chen, Zhang, & Pan, 2019). So, its critical for officials to know where imperiled species exist. Although all of these insects have a similar structure and may be genetic cousins, the beautiful variety of colors, shapes, camouflage, and sizes showcase the level of diversity possible even within a closely-related group of species. California has the most imperilled biodiversity of any state in the contiguous United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2329, FAO (2019) Trees, Forests and Land Use in Drylands: the First Global Assessment Full report. Hence, the degradation of rangelands in Central Asia represents a substantial threat to the communities who rely upon them, having been long engaged in pastoralism. The system is dynamic and thus offers a wide range of species. In the long term, rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in the Aral Sea basin has a potential to improve livelihood options of local pastoralists. It exists in only two locations, one in southern Texas and the other in northern Mexico. Atmos Chem Phys 13:1008110094. Ecological biodiversity is the diversity of ecosystems, natural communities, and habitats. Scientists have estimated that there are around 8.7 million species of plants and animals in existence. UNCCD (2017) Global land outlook. Cambridge University Press. An additional, specific focus of this review is to gather evidence for the feasibility of implementation of NbS and their potential in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan, which is an exemplary dryland ecosystem. So, the ecology of the region has been altered drastically in a very short period of time (several decades). Biodiversity is a term used to describe the enormous variety of life on Earth. By Catrin Einhorn and Nadja PopovichMarch 3, 2022. speech and language skills? Drylands and land degradation. Much of the Earths biodiversity, however, is in jeopardy due to human consumption and other activities that disturb and even destroy ecosystems. Environmental Management (2023). GISci Remote Sens. Water 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030609, Shaumarov M, Toderich KN, Shuyskaya EV, Ismail S, Radjabov TF, Kozan O (2012) Participatory management of desert angelands to improve food security and sustain the natural resource base in Uzbekistan. The review has not returned specific rangeland rehabilitation methods or success stories in the Aral Sea basin. The . Part of Springer Nature. Australia's biodiversity is in steep decline, posing major risks to human health. Uniting all Americans to ensure wildlife thrive in a rapidly changing world, Inspire a lifelong connection with wildlife and wild places through our children's publications, products, and activities, National Wildlife Federation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Based on the information in the chart. Rangelands in the Aral Sea basin represent not just significant economic and environmental value to local stakeholders, but also cultural values (Shaumarov, et al., 2012). In the early 1900s, Americanchestnut blightkilled most of the chestnut trees in the eastern forests of North America. Rome, Feng S, Fu Q (2013) Expansion of global drylands under a warming climate. LESNOY ZHURNAL-FORESTRY JOURNAL, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-2-51-59, Bekele T, Haile Y (2021) Intensification of climate change mitigation and adaptation actions through wetland conservation: the case of Ethiopian freshwater wetlands. The issues with human-biodiversity interaction in wetlands, where artemia is grown and harvested, sustainability of yields, water availability and its quality yet need to be researched to comply with NbS criteria. Last year, officials announced that eight species had gone extinct. Without a diversity of pollinators, plants, and soils, our supermarkets would have a lot less produce. The application of nature-based solutions, such as the large-scale afforestation of the Aral Seabed, potentially creates alternative income sources for the local population. Being subjected to extensive degradation recently, wetlands in the Aral Sea basin, just like in most parts of the world, are being continuously lost (Thorslund, et al., 2017). Geol Ecol Landscap. Based on the information in the chart, ecosystem X has the highest biodiversity.Therefore, option B is correct.. What is an ecosystem? list the steps that are followed if a suspect's blood is found at a crime scene. in pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r). (2022a, April 15). The government of Uzbekistan has been issuing quotas for artemia harvesting in the Aral Sea (Marden, et al., 2012), but in 2022 the quota was substantially reduced, likely because the artemia populations are also decreasing (Anonymous, 2022). Photo credit: NASA Earth Observatory, Google Earth. (Toderich, et al., 2013a) suggest that the best way to rehabilitate saline soils in desert rangelands is to plant salt-resistant wild halophytes, which represent a low-cost solution. R Soc Open Sci 8. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201847, Aladin NV, Chida T, Chuikov YS, Ermakhanov ZK, Kawabata Y, Kubota J, Zaitzev VF (2018) The history and future of the biological resources of the Caspian and the Aral Seas. Scientists estimate that species are dying out at hundreds of times the natural rate.A major reason for the loss of biodiversity is that natural habitats are being destroyed. States of the Union: Ranking America's Biodiversity. US Forest Service: Ecoregions of the United States. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. The white ferula mushroom, adelicacythat only grows on the Italian island of Sicily, helps decompose organic compounds such as plants. These non-native species thrive in their new habitat, often destroying native species in the process.Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis), for instance, were accidentally brought into Guam, an island in the South Pacific, in the 1950s. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-011-0262-5, Dubey PK, Singh A, Chaurasia R, Pandey KK, Singh S (2021) Fostering Nature-Based Solutions for Ecorestoration and Attain- ing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. According to Schlter et al. World of Biology. Environ Sci Policy 98:2029. Tech. Afforestation using native salt- and drought-tolerant species is another alternative to restore degraded desert landscapes, which has direct applicability to the dried-out Aral Seabed (Bakirov, Khamzaev, & Novitskiy, 2020), (Toderich, et al., 2013b), (Shomurodov, et al., 2021). These are: marine (or saltwater), freshwater and those that are both. Biodiversity allows us to live healthy and happy lives. Springer Netherlands. This manure can also be used to fertilize cropland. Biomes are characterized by their climate, which determines the particular plants found there. Ecosystems can also contain species too small to see with the naked eye. Many of the corals buildcoral reefs, which are home to hundreds more species, from tinyseaweeds to large sharks.Some places in the world have a large number ofendemic speciesspecies that exist only in that place. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms within a given area. They include everything from cleaning water and absorbing chemicals, which wetlands do, to providing oxygen for us to breatheone of the many things that plants do for people. Wetlands in the Aral Sea basin are reported to be unstable in terms of their hydrological regimes and are highly dependent on the water inflow, which in turn defines their salinity levels and ability to support native biodiversity (Schlter, et al., 2013). Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance: Uzbekistan. Availability of actual data on the outcomes of implemented efforts, namely afforestation and wetland rehabilitation to minimize duplication of efforts and to provide a basis for scientific research. Due to the impact of afforestation on soil carbon both positively and negatively (Seddon, et al., 2020), selection of appropriate sites and species turn out to be a key to success, but most importantly, afforestation should be implemented with the application of native and/or endemic species to avoid introduction of invasive alien species. Endemic speciesspecies that are only found in one particular locationare also found in hotspots. A final set of 106 papers were retained and read in their entirety. As drylands around the world are projected to become more vulnerable under increasing temperature changes, and Central Asia is expected to be a climate change hotspot in the coming years with increased average temperature and decreased precipitation (Li, Ma, & Zhang, 2020), there is an acute need to mitigate and to adapt to the consequences of climate change by applying sustainable and resilient solutions for which NbS qualify.

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